• Re: The true nature of Undecidability

    From Chris M. Thomasson@chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com to comp.theory on Sun Oct 19 12:49:25 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 10/19/2025 3:32 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-18 19:15:45 +0000, Chris M. Thomasson said:

    On 10/18/2025 2:54 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-17 23:43:40 +0000, Chris M. Thomasson said:

    On 10/17/2025 12:57 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-15 12:09:39 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/15/2025 2:59 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-14 15:36:21 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/14/2025 3:49 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-13 15:23:15 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/13/2025 3:17 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-12 14:48:38 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/12/2025 3:54 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-11 13:11:19 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/11/2025 4:12 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-10 13:56:22 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/10/2025 6:36 AM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/10/2025 12:33 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 10/9/2025 10:17 PM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/9/2025 10:14 PM, olcott wrote:

    Self-contradictory expressions only prove that >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> they must be excluded from, formal systems of logic. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
    And as Tarski showed, that requires removing a truth >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> predicate.

    He was wrong.

    You can say but you can't show.

    Kripke proved it
    https://files.commons.gc.cuny.edu/wp-content/
    blogs.dir/1358/ files/2019/04/Outline-of-a-Theory-of- >>>>>>>>>>>>>> Truth.pdf

    That is a lie. In the above linked text Kripke does not >>>>>>>>>>>>> prove that
    Tarski was wrong about anything, or even says so. Kripke >>>>>>>>>>>>> accepts
    all mentioned results of Tarski as a valid material for >>>>>>>>>>>>> further work.

    That Kripke didn't mention this, or claim this, and
    even disavowed this is not an actual rebuttal.

    Yes it is. That Kripke didn't mention that or claim that >>>>>>>>>>> obviously
    entails that Kripke did not prove that and that your claim >>>>>>>>>>> that he
    did prove was false.

    My claim is semantically entailed by Kripke's system.
    I had to add some details and clarifications.

    Above you claimed otherwise.

    You have not proven that your claim be semantically entaiiled by >>>>>>>>> Kripke's system.

    It is,but, if you don't want to read Kripke here
    is my self-contained view.

    Any system of reasoning that begins with a consistent
    system of stipulated truths and only applies the truth
    preserving operation of semantic logical entailment to
    this finite set of basic facts inherently derives a
    truth predicate that works consistently and correctly
    for this entire body of knowledge that can be expressed
    in language.

    No, it does not. A truth predicate must assign a truth value
    to every sentence of the language on the system. If a sentence
    is not derivable from the "stipulated truths" and its negation
    isn't either then one of them must be assigned the value true
    and the other false (because otherwise it would not be a predicate). >>>>>>> A sentence must be assigned the value true if it can be derived with >>>>>>> truth preserving operations from sentences that are assigned the >>>>>>> value true. As Tarski proved, that predicate cannot be defined
    with a formula in the language of the system it applies to.

    Nope. He just derived the Liar Paradox out
    of thin air, no truth preserving operations applied.

    That is absolutely false. Tarski did and others nave verified that
    he did derive the undefinability from the properties of the natural
    numbers with truth preserving operations.

    I must be misunderstand you here. Any natural number can be defined?

    By the usual meaning of "natural number", yes.

    Well, some people, sigh, really think that there is a so-called
    "largest natural number".... For instance, iirc, WM over on sci.math...

    By the meaning 'any
    element of any model of any theory of natural numbers', no.

    Humm... Can you drill down on that a little more? uncountable? For
    instance, think of a natural number say

    1097668204

    Okay. Those are from random digits. The _first_ digit shall be greater
    than zero and less than 10. The rest of them are from 0 to 9. So:

    1097668204...

    Taken to infinity, is it still a natural number? Humm... Not...

    The usual understanding is that the natural numbers form a seqence:
    one, two, three, &c. This is fromalized in Peano's axioms so that
    there is only one named number (0 or 1) and the successor function
    that ensures that after each number there is another number, with
    no end and no loop. All numbers in the sequnce can be expressed
    with the symbol 0 and some number of applications of the succssor
    function. But are there other natural numbers that cannot be expressed
    that way?

    If its a natural number, then its in the countable natural numbers. It
    can be defined. To combine the successor and predecessor, just make an
    n-ary tree. Take this 3-ary one. There are finite functions that can
    easily find the parent (root zero aside for a moment...) and the three children of any node:
    __________________________________
    0
    /|\
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    1 2 3
    /|\ /|\ /|\
    / | \ / | \ / | \
    4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
    ..............................


    The parent of root zero seems odd. Its negative mirror children would be
    -1, -2, -3, but those are not naturals.

    ..........................
    -1 -2 -3
    \ | /
    \ | /
    \ | /
    \|/
    -0+
    /|\
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    +1 +2 +3
    ..........................

    On and on... ;^)


    Now, the possible paths of this tree, are they uncountable?


    [...]

    An uncountable model of natural numbers can be constructed in the same
    way but using sequences where ther members other than the first one
    are reals. The first member must still be a positive integer.


    Does the n-ary tree make uncountable paths?
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  • From Kaz Kylheku@643-408-1753@kylheku.com to comp.theory on Sun Oct 19 19:58:20 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 2025-10-19, Chris M. Thomasson <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> wrote:
    On 10/19/2025 3:32 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-18 19:15:45 +0000, Chris M. Thomasson said:

    On 10/18/2025 2:54 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-17 23:43:40 +0000, Chris M. Thomasson said:

    On 10/17/2025 12:57 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-15 12:09:39 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/15/2025 2:59 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-14 15:36:21 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/14/2025 3:49 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-13 15:23:15 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/13/2025 3:17 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-12 14:48:38 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/12/2025 3:54 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-11 13:11:19 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/11/2025 4:12 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-10 13:56:22 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/10/2025 6:36 AM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/10/2025 12:33 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 10/9/2025 10:17 PM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/9/2025 10:14 PM, olcott wrote:

    Self-contradictory expressions only prove that >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> they must be excluded from, formal systems of logic. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
    And as Tarski showed, that requires removing a truth >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> predicate.

    He was wrong.

    You can say but you can't show.

    Kripke proved it
    https://files.commons.gc.cuny.edu/wp-content/
    blogs.dir/1358/ files/2019/04/Outline-of-a-Theory-of- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Truth.pdf

    That is a lie. In the above linked text Kripke does not >>>>>>>>>>>>>> prove that
    Tarski was wrong about anything, or even says so. Kripke >>>>>>>>>>>>>> accepts
    all mentioned results of Tarski as a valid material for >>>>>>>>>>>>>> further work.

    That Kripke didn't mention this, or claim this, and
    even disavowed this is not an actual rebuttal.

    Yes it is. That Kripke didn't mention that or claim that >>>>>>>>>>>> obviously
    entails that Kripke did not prove that and that your claim >>>>>>>>>>>> that he
    did prove was false.

    My claim is semantically entailed by Kripke's system.
    I had to add some details and clarifications.

    Above you claimed otherwise.

    You have not proven that your claim be semantically entaiiled by >>>>>>>>>> Kripke's system.

    It is,but, if you don't want to read Kripke here
    is my self-contained view.

    Any system of reasoning that begins with a consistent
    system of stipulated truths and only applies the truth
    preserving operation of semantic logical entailment to
    this finite set of basic facts inherently derives a
    truth predicate that works consistently and correctly
    for this entire body of knowledge that can be expressed
    in language.

    No, it does not. A truth predicate must assign a truth value
    to every sentence of the language on the system. If a sentence >>>>>>>> is not derivable from the "stipulated truths" and its negation >>>>>>>> isn't either then one of them must be assigned the value true
    and the other false (because otherwise it would not be a predicate). >>>>>>>> A sentence must be assigned the value true if it can be derived with >>>>>>>> truth preserving operations from sentences that are assigned the >>>>>>>> value true. As Tarski proved, that predicate cannot be defined >>>>>>>> with a formula in the language of the system it applies to.

    Nope. He just derived the Liar Paradox out
    of thin air, no truth preserving operations applied.

    That is absolutely false. Tarski did and others nave verified that >>>>>> he did derive the undefinability from the properties of the natural >>>>>> numbers with truth preserving operations.

    I must be misunderstand you here. Any natural number can be defined?

    By the usual meaning of "natural number", yes.

    Well, some people, sigh, really think that there is a so-called
    "largest natural number".... For instance, iirc, WM over on sci.math...

    By the meaning 'any
    element of any model of any theory of natural numbers', no.

    Humm... Can you drill down on that a little more? uncountable? For
    instance, think of a natural number say

    1097668204

    Okay. Those are from random digits. The _first_ digit shall be greater
    than zero and less than 10. The rest of them are from 0 to 9. So:

    1097668204...

    Taken to infinity, is it still a natural number? Humm... Not...

    The usual understanding is that the natural numbers form a seqence:
    one, two, three, &c. This is fromalized in Peano's axioms so that
    there is only one named number (0 or 1) and the successor function
    that ensures that after each number there is another number, with
    no end and no loop. All numbers in the sequnce can be expressed
    with the symbol 0 and some number of applications of the succssor
    function. But are there other natural numbers that cannot be expressed
    that way?

    If its a natural number, then its in the countable natural numbers. It
    can be defined. To combine the successor and predecessor, just make an
    n-ary tree. Take this 3-ary one. There are finite functions that can
    easily find the parent (root zero aside for a moment...) and the three children of any node:
    __________________________________
    0
    /|\
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    1 2 3
    /|\ /|\ /|\
    / | \ / | \ / | \
    4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
    ..............................


    The parent of root zero seems odd. Its negative mirror children would be
    -1, -2, -3, but those are not naturals.

    ..........................
    -1 -2 -3
    \ | /
    \ | /
    \ | /
    \|/
    -0+
    /|\
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    +1 +2 +3
    ..........................

    On and on... ;^)


    Now, the possible paths of this tree, are they uncountable?

    I would say not, because the paths can be generated in parallel by
    a breadth-first traversal.

    In the positive direction, tirst we have the null path, just the node 0.

    Then we have the three paths 0 -> 1, 0 -> 2, 0 -> 3.

    Then we have the next layer of paths. (We can add the negatives in the same way;
    it makes no difference to the argument).

    This is a countable process which is on the trajectory of visiting
    all the paths.

    Never mind that; each node, labeled by a whole number, is
    reachable in only one way. So easch path can be /labeled/ by
    that natural number, uniquely identifying it.

    Any set that can be put into 1:1 correspondence with the natural numbers
    (or whole numbers or integers) is countable.
    --
    TXR Programming Language: http://nongnu.org/txr
    Cygnal: Cygwin Native Application Library: http://kylheku.com/cygnal
    Mastodon: @Kazinator@mstdn.ca
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Kaz Kylheku@643-408-1753@kylheku.com to comp.theory on Sun Oct 19 20:10:06 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 2025-10-18, Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> wrote:
    On 2025-10-17 23:43:40 +0000, Chris M. Thomasson said:

    On 10/17/2025 12:57 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-15 12:09:39 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/15/2025 2:59 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-14 15:36:21 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/14/2025 3:49 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-13 15:23:15 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/13/2025 3:17 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-12 14:48:38 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/12/2025 3:54 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-11 13:11:19 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/11/2025 4:12 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-10 13:56:22 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/10/2025 6:36 AM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/10/2025 12:33 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 10/9/2025 10:17 PM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/9/2025 10:14 PM, olcott wrote:

    Self-contradictory expressions only prove that >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> they must be excluded from, formal systems of logic. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
    And as Tarski showed, that requires removing a truth predicate. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>
    He was wrong.

    You can say but you can't show.

    Kripke proved it
    https://files.commons.gc.cuny.edu/wp-content/blogs.dir/1358/ >>>>>>>>>>>> files/2019/04/Outline-of-a-Theory-of-Truth.pdf

    That is a lie. In the above linked text Kripke does not prove that >>>>>>>>>>> Tarski was wrong about anything, or even says so. Kripke accepts >>>>>>>>>>> all mentioned results of Tarski as a valid material for further work.

    That Kripke didn't mention this, or claim this, and
    even disavowed this is not an actual rebuttal.

    Yes it is. That Kripke didn't mention that or claim that obviously >>>>>>>>> entails that Kripke did not prove that and that your claim that he >>>>>>>>> did prove was false.

    My claim is semantically entailed by Kripke's system.
    I had to add some details and clarifications.

    Above you claimed otherwise.

    You have not proven that your claim be semantically entaiiled by >>>>>>> Kripke's system.

    It is,but, if you don't want to read Kripke here
    is my self-contained view.

    Any system of reasoning that begins with a consistent
    system of stipulated truths and only applies the truth
    preserving operation of semantic logical entailment to
    this finite set of basic facts inherently derives a
    truth predicate that works consistently and correctly
    for this entire body of knowledge that can be expressed
    in language.

    No, it does not. A truth predicate must assign a truth value
    to every sentence of the language on the system. If a sentence
    is not derivable from the "stipulated truths" and its negation
    isn't either then one of them must be assigned the value true
    and the other false (because otherwise it would not be a predicate). >>>>> A sentence must be assigned the value true if it can be derived with >>>>> truth preserving operations from sentences that are assigned the
    value true. As Tarski proved, that predicate cannot be defined
    with a formula in the language of the system it applies to.

    Nope. He just derived the Liar Paradox out
    of thin air, no truth preserving operations applied.

    That is absolutely false. Tarski did and others nave verified that
    he did derive the undefinability from the properties of the natural
    numbers with truth preserving operations.

    I must be misunderstand you here. Any natural number can be defined?

    By the usual meaning of "natural number", yes. By the meaning 'any
    element of any model of any theory of natural numbers', no.

    1. A theory is a body consisting of a finite number of symbols.
    Theories are countable, like other symbolic artifacts: expressions,
    sentences, programs, ...

    2. Each theory about natural numbers contains its own natural
    numbers. //Let me make plain a questionable assumption: let's assume that
    in each theory of natural numbers, that theory's concept of natural
    numbers leads to a countable set of them.

    3. Thus, our list of infinite number of theories of natural numbers,
    leads us to a structure which is the same as an infinite sequence
    of infinite natural number sequences. //Such as sequence is countable//.

    Why it is countable is that it can be put into correspondence
    with the rational numbers, which are countable. We number the
    theories 1, 2, 3, ... and in each one we number their natural
    number elements 1, 2, 3. This pair of labels <n, m> gives us
    a coordinate system that we can write as fraction n/m.

    I think that to refute this argument all we can do is attack the
    assumption in (2). That some theories of natural numbers present such a
    set of natural numbers that cannot be placed in correspondence with the
    theory we are using.

    We can also try to have some philosophical objection that the theories
    are somehow incompatible. That we somehow cannot use the popular concept
    of natural numbers in order to talk about the natural numbers in a
    different theory; i.e. there are theories such that it is somehow
    prohibited to try to put their sequence of natural numbers in
    correspondence with the familiar natural numbers. There we are sliding
    into Olcott territory, inhabited by monsters like incorrect questions.


    That's a difficult proposition. Are we assuming that there exists
    an infinity of such theories (which are unique, so that no two
    are identifable as the same theory)? And every pair of such theories,
    the respecitve concept of natural number is not commensurable?

    It would seem that under thse conditions we have uncountability

    Starting from nothing, we face an infinity of branches into different
    theories, in which there exist infinites of their respective natural
    numbers.


    --
    TXR Programming Language: http://nongnu.org/txr
    Cygnal: Cygwin Native Application Library: http://kylheku.com/cygnal
    Mastodon: @Kazinator@mstdn.ca
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Alan Mackenzie@acm@muc.de to comp.theory on Sun Oct 19 20:32:29 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    Chris M. Thomasson <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> wrote:

    [ .... ]

    If its a natural number, then its in the countable natural numbers. It
    can be defined. To combine the successor and predecessor, just make an
    n-ary tree. Take this 3-ary one. There are finite functions that can
    easily find the parent (root zero aside for a moment...) and the three children of any node:
    __________________________________
    0
    /|\
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    1 2 3
    /|\ /|\ /|\
    / | \ / | \ / | \
    4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
    ..............................


    The parent of root zero seems odd. Its negative mirror children would be
    -1, -2, -3, but those are not naturals.

    ..........................
    -1 -2 -3
    \ | /
    \ | /
    \ | /
    \|/
    -0+
    /|\
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    +1 +2 +3
    ..........................

    On and on... ;^)


    Now, the possible paths of this tree, are they uncountable?

    Yes, they are. However the set of _finite_ paths of the tree is
    countably infinite. This was one of the few sensible points that came
    from debating with a certain crank on sci.math a few years ago.

    [...]
    --
    Alan Mackenzie (Nuremberg, Germany).

    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Chris M. Thomasson@chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com to comp.theory on Sun Oct 19 14:15:24 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 10/19/2025 12:58 PM, Kaz Kylheku wrote:
    On 2025-10-19, Chris M. Thomasson <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> wrote:
    On 10/19/2025 3:32 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-18 19:15:45 +0000, Chris M. Thomasson said:

    On 10/18/2025 2:54 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-17 23:43:40 +0000, Chris M. Thomasson said:

    On 10/17/2025 12:57 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-15 12:09:39 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/15/2025 2:59 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-14 15:36:21 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/14/2025 3:49 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-13 15:23:15 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/13/2025 3:17 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-12 14:48:38 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/12/2025 3:54 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-11 13:11:19 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/11/2025 4:12 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-10 13:56:22 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/10/2025 6:36 AM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/10/2025 12:33 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 10/9/2025 10:17 PM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/9/2025 10:14 PM, olcott wrote:

    Self-contradictory expressions only prove that >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> they must be excluded from, formal systems of logic. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
    And as Tarski showed, that requires removing a truth >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> predicate.

    He was wrong.

    You can say but you can't show.

    Kripke proved it
    https://files.commons.gc.cuny.edu/wp-content/
    blogs.dir/1358/ files/2019/04/Outline-of-a-Theory-of- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Truth.pdf

    That is a lie. In the above linked text Kripke does not >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> prove that
    Tarski was wrong about anything, or even says so. Kripke >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> accepts
    all mentioned results of Tarski as a valid material for >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> further work.

    That Kripke didn't mention this, or claim this, and >>>>>>>>>>>>>> even disavowed this is not an actual rebuttal.

    Yes it is. That Kripke didn't mention that or claim that >>>>>>>>>>>>> obviously
    entails that Kripke did not prove that and that your claim >>>>>>>>>>>>> that he
    did prove was false.

    My claim is semantically entailed by Kripke's system.
    I had to add some details and clarifications.

    Above you claimed otherwise.

    You have not proven that your claim be semantically entaiiled by >>>>>>>>>>> Kripke's system.

    It is,but, if you don't want to read Kripke here
    is my self-contained view.

    Any system of reasoning that begins with a consistent
    system of stipulated truths and only applies the truth
    preserving operation of semantic logical entailment to
    this finite set of basic facts inherently derives a
    truth predicate that works consistently and correctly
    for this entire body of knowledge that can be expressed
    in language.

    No, it does not. A truth predicate must assign a truth value >>>>>>>>> to every sentence of the language on the system. If a sentence >>>>>>>>> is not derivable from the "stipulated truths" and its negation >>>>>>>>> isn't either then one of them must be assigned the value true >>>>>>>>> and the other false (because otherwise it would not be a predicate). >>>>>>>>> A sentence must be assigned the value true if it can be derived with >>>>>>>>> truth preserving operations from sentences that are assigned the >>>>>>>>> value true. As Tarski proved, that predicate cannot be defined >>>>>>>>> with a formula in the language of the system it applies to.

    Nope. He just derived the Liar Paradox out
    of thin air, no truth preserving operations applied.

    That is absolutely false. Tarski did and others nave verified that >>>>>>> he did derive the undefinability from the properties of the natural >>>>>>> numbers with truth preserving operations.

    I must be misunderstand you here. Any natural number can be defined? >>>>>
    By the usual meaning of "natural number", yes.

    Well, some people, sigh, really think that there is a so-called
    "largest natural number".... For instance, iirc, WM over on sci.math... >>>>
    By the meaning 'any
    element of any model of any theory of natural numbers', no.

    Humm... Can you drill down on that a little more? uncountable? For
    instance, think of a natural number say

    1097668204

    Okay. Those are from random digits. The _first_ digit shall be greater >>>> than zero and less than 10. The rest of them are from 0 to 9. So:

    1097668204...

    Taken to infinity, is it still a natural number? Humm... Not...

    The usual understanding is that the natural numbers form a seqence:
    one, two, three, &c. This is fromalized in Peano's axioms so that
    there is only one named number (0 or 1) and the successor function
    that ensures that after each number there is another number, with
    no end and no loop. All numbers in the sequnce can be expressed
    with the symbol 0 and some number of applications of the succssor
    function. But are there other natural numbers that cannot be expressed
    that way?

    If its a natural number, then its in the countable natural numbers. It
    can be defined. To combine the successor and predecessor, just make an
    n-ary tree. Take this 3-ary one. There are finite functions that can
    easily find the parent (root zero aside for a moment...) and the three
    children of any node:
    __________________________________
    0
    /|\
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    1 2 3
    /|\ /|\ /|\
    / | \ / | \ / | \
    4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
    ..............................


    The parent of root zero seems odd. Its negative mirror children would be
    -1, -2, -3, but those are not naturals.

    ..........................
    -1 -2 -3
    \ | /
    \ | /
    \ | /
    \|/
    -0+
    /|\
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    +1 +2 +3
    ..........................

    On and on... ;^)


    Now, the possible paths of this tree, are they uncountable?

    I would say not, because the paths can be generated in parallel by
    a breadth-first traversal.

    Humm... That makes me ponder on a system, say a L-system:

    L = go left
    M = go middle
    R = go right

    So, these instructions can navigate the tree. In my more detailed one,

    RR would equal 12 (0 to 3 to 12)

    MR would equal 10 (0 to 2 to 10)

    Now ponder on a TRNG picking the instructions L, M and R.

    LLMRRRLLLMLLRRMM...

    When taken to infinity, there is unique path to get to something that
    has pi? Shit.

    PI as 314159...

    314159 has a unique node in the tree. So does 31415926, So taken into infinity... Humm... Irrational and uncountable?

    Shit. Did I go to crazy town? Sigh. ;^o



    Is that fair enough? Or crap?



    In the positive direction, tirst we have the null path, just the node 0.

    Then we have the three paths 0 -> 1, 0 -> 2, 0 -> 3.

    Then we have the next layer of paths. (We can add the negatives in the same way;
    it makes no difference to the argument).

    This is a countable process which is on the trajectory of visiting
    all the paths.

    Never mind that; each node, labeled by a whole number, is
    reachable in only one way. So easch path can be /labeled/ by
    that natural number, uniquely identifying it.

    Any set that can be put into 1:1 correspondence with the natural numbers
    (or whole numbers or integers) is countable.


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  • From Chris M. Thomasson@chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com to comp.theory on Sun Oct 19 14:17:04 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 10/19/2025 1:32 PM, Alan Mackenzie wrote:
    Chris M. Thomasson <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> wrote:

    [ .... ]

    If its a natural number, then its in the countable natural numbers. It
    can be defined. To combine the successor and predecessor, just make an
    n-ary tree. Take this 3-ary one. There are finite functions that can
    easily find the parent (root zero aside for a moment...) and the three
    children of any node:
    __________________________________
    0
    /|\
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    1 2 3
    /|\ /|\ /|\
    / | \ / | \ / | \
    4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
    ..............................


    The parent of root zero seems odd. Its negative mirror children would be
    -1, -2, -3, but those are not naturals.

    ..........................
    -1 -2 -3
    \ | /
    \ | /
    \ | /
    \|/
    -0+
    /|\
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    +1 +2 +3
    ..........................

    On and on... ;^)


    Now, the possible paths of this tree, are they uncountable?

    Yes, they are.

    I think so. Still, makes me a bit nervous.

    L = go left
    M = go middle
    R = go right

    LMMRLLMRM...

    all generated by a TRNG for infinity. That is irrational and uncountable?



    However the set of _finite_ paths of the tree is
    countably infinite. This was one of the few sensible points that came
    from debating with a certain crank on sci.math a few years ago.

    WM?



    [...]


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  • From Chris M. Thomasson@chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com to comp.theory on Sun Oct 19 14:18:54 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 10/19/2025 12:58 PM, Kaz Kylheku wrote:
    On 2025-10-19, Chris M. Thomasson <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> wrote:
    On 10/19/2025 3:32 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-18 19:15:45 +0000, Chris M. Thomasson said:

    On 10/18/2025 2:54 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-17 23:43:40 +0000, Chris M. Thomasson said:

    On 10/17/2025 12:57 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-15 12:09:39 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/15/2025 2:59 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-14 15:36:21 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/14/2025 3:49 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-13 15:23:15 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/13/2025 3:17 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-12 14:48:38 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/12/2025 3:54 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-11 13:11:19 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/11/2025 4:12 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-10 13:56:22 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/10/2025 6:36 AM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/10/2025 12:33 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 10/9/2025 10:17 PM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/9/2025 10:14 PM, olcott wrote:

    Self-contradictory expressions only prove that >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> they must be excluded from, formal systems of logic. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
    And as Tarski showed, that requires removing a truth >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> predicate.

    He was wrong.

    You can say but you can't show.

    Kripke proved it
    https://files.commons.gc.cuny.edu/wp-content/
    blogs.dir/1358/ files/2019/04/Outline-of-a-Theory-of- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Truth.pdf

    That is a lie. In the above linked text Kripke does not >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> prove that
    Tarski was wrong about anything, or even says so. Kripke >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> accepts
    all mentioned results of Tarski as a valid material for >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> further work.

    That Kripke didn't mention this, or claim this, and >>>>>>>>>>>>>> even disavowed this is not an actual rebuttal.

    Yes it is. That Kripke didn't mention that or claim that >>>>>>>>>>>>> obviously
    entails that Kripke did not prove that and that your claim >>>>>>>>>>>>> that he
    did prove was false.

    My claim is semantically entailed by Kripke's system.
    I had to add some details and clarifications.

    Above you claimed otherwise.

    You have not proven that your claim be semantically entaiiled by >>>>>>>>>>> Kripke's system.

    It is,but, if you don't want to read Kripke here
    is my self-contained view.

    Any system of reasoning that begins with a consistent
    system of stipulated truths and only applies the truth
    preserving operation of semantic logical entailment to
    this finite set of basic facts inherently derives a
    truth predicate that works consistently and correctly
    for this entire body of knowledge that can be expressed
    in language.

    No, it does not. A truth predicate must assign a truth value >>>>>>>>> to every sentence of the language on the system. If a sentence >>>>>>>>> is not derivable from the "stipulated truths" and its negation >>>>>>>>> isn't either then one of them must be assigned the value true >>>>>>>>> and the other false (because otherwise it would not be a predicate). >>>>>>>>> A sentence must be assigned the value true if it can be derived with >>>>>>>>> truth preserving operations from sentences that are assigned the >>>>>>>>> value true. As Tarski proved, that predicate cannot be defined >>>>>>>>> with a formula in the language of the system it applies to.

    Nope. He just derived the Liar Paradox out
    of thin air, no truth preserving operations applied.

    That is absolutely false. Tarski did and others nave verified that >>>>>>> he did derive the undefinability from the properties of the natural >>>>>>> numbers with truth preserving operations.

    I must be misunderstand you here. Any natural number can be defined? >>>>>
    By the usual meaning of "natural number", yes.

    Well, some people, sigh, really think that there is a so-called
    "largest natural number".... For instance, iirc, WM over on sci.math... >>>>
    By the meaning 'any
    element of any model of any theory of natural numbers', no.

    Humm... Can you drill down on that a little more? uncountable? For
    instance, think of a natural number say

    1097668204

    Okay. Those are from random digits. The _first_ digit shall be greater >>>> than zero and less than 10. The rest of them are from 0 to 9. So:

    1097668204...

    Taken to infinity, is it still a natural number? Humm... Not...

    The usual understanding is that the natural numbers form a seqence:
    one, two, three, &c. This is fromalized in Peano's axioms so that
    there is only one named number (0 or 1) and the successor function
    that ensures that after each number there is another number, with
    no end and no loop. All numbers in the sequnce can be expressed
    with the symbol 0 and some number of applications of the succssor
    function. But are there other natural numbers that cannot be expressed
    that way?

    If its a natural number, then its in the countable natural numbers. It
    can be defined. To combine the successor and predecessor, just make an
    n-ary tree. Take this 3-ary one. There are finite functions that can
    easily find the parent (root zero aside for a moment...) and the three
    children of any node:
    __________________________________
    0
    /|\
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    1 2 3
    /|\ /|\ /|\
    / | \ / | \ / | \
    4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
    ..............................


    The parent of root zero seems odd. Its negative mirror children would be
    -1, -2, -3, but those are not naturals.

    ..........................
    -1 -2 -3
    \ | /
    \ | /
    \ | /
    \|/
    -0+
    /|\
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    +1 +2 +3
    ..........................

    On and on... ;^)


    Now, the possible paths of this tree, are they uncountable?

    I would say not, because the paths can be generated in parallel by
    a breadth-first traversal.

    In the positive direction, tirst we have the null path, just the node 0.

    Then we have the three paths 0 -> 1, 0 -> 2, 0 -> 3.

    Then we have the next layer of paths. (We can add the negatives in the same way;
    it makes no difference to the argument).

    This is a countable process which is on the trajectory of visiting
    all the paths.

    Never mind that; each node, labeled by a whole number, is
    reachable in only one way. So easch path can be /labeled/ by
    that natural number, uniquely identifying it.

    Any set that can be put into 1:1 correspondence with the natural numbers
    (or whole numbers or integers) is countable.


    A tree in perfect correspondence to them, for some reason, makes me
    think of a 10-ary tree. Each node would have ten children? base 10?
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  • From Tristan Wibberley@tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk to comp.theory,sci.logic on Sun Oct 19 22:43:08 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    The message body is Copyright (C) 2025 Tristan Wibberley except
    citations and quotations noted. All Rights Reserved except as noted in
    the sig.

    On 08/10/2025 18:44, Richard Heathfield wrote:
    On 08/10/2025 18:26, Julio Di Egidio wrote:
    On 07/10/2025 17:55, Richard Heathfield wrote:
    On 07/10/2025 16:05, olcott wrote:

    When we ask polar yes/no questions that have no
    correct yes/no answer these questions themselves
    are incorrect.

    Question: can any question be turned into an incorrect question by
    your definition?

    Answer: yes.

    That is not true.

    Yes, it is, if Peter Olcott is at the wheel..

    Now you're *all* doing modal logic on me. In the model with r.d. Peter
    Olcott at the wheel it's true, but not in other models. Does this mean
    it's not valid?


    The Halting Problem question is: "Is it possible for a universal halt
    decider to exist?"

    The correct answer is no".

    Enter Peter Olcott, and suddenly the question is something

    It looks like, "Enter Peter Olcott and suddenly the Halting Problem
    _Proof_ question is something..."

    Two questions:

    * The Halting Problem Question "Is it possible ..."
    * The Halting Problem Proof Question "Is there an HHH such that
    DD(HHH) ...

    replace "the question" with "a question" throughout your post and I
    think you're right.

    --
    Tristan Wibberley

    The message body is Copyright (C) 2025 Tristan Wibberley except
    citations and quotations noted. All Rights Reserved except that you may,
    of course, cite it academically giving credit to me, distribute it
    verbatim as part of a usenet system or its archives, and use it to
    promote my greatness and general superiority without misrepresentation
    of my opinions other than my opinion of my greatness and general
    superiority which you _may_ misrepresent. You definitely MAY NOT train
    any production AI system with it but you may train experimental AI that
    will only be used for evaluation of the AI methods it implements.

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  • From Tristan Wibberley@tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk to comp.theory,sci.logic on Sun Oct 19 22:47:59 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    The message body is Copyright (C) 2025 Tristan Wibberley except
    citations and quotations noted. All Rights Reserved except as noted in
    the sig.

    * The Halting Problem Proof Question "Is there an HHH such that
    DD(HHH) ...

    Oopsie that's not the question used in the proof. it's late and I'm not thinking at 500% attention.


    --
    Tristan Wibberley

    The message body is Copyright (C) 2025 Tristan Wibberley except
    citations and quotations noted. All Rights Reserved except that you may,
    of course, cite it academically giving credit to me, distribute it
    verbatim as part of a usenet system or its archives, and use it to
    promote my greatness and general superiority without misrepresentation
    of my opinions other than my opinion of my greatness and general
    superiority which you _may_ misrepresent. You definitely MAY NOT train
    any production AI system with it but you may train experimental AI that
    will only be used for evaluation of the AI methods it implements.

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  • From Tristan Wibberley@tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk to comp.theory,sci.logic on Sun Oct 19 23:01:15 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    The message body is Copyright (C) 2025 Tristan Wibberley except
    citations and quotations noted. All Rights Reserved except as noted in
    the sig.

    On 08/10/2025 18:44, olcott wrote:
    "This sentence is not true" is neither true not false.
    It is neither true nor false because it is self-contradictory
    thus has no truth value, thus technically is not a truth-bearer.

    Even "This sentence is true" is a contradiction, "This sentence" refers
    to numerous different sentences including false ones so it identifies
    them all.

    If you're going to do logic you need to exclude "This sentence" as a
    term (or define it carefully to override its normal meaning).

    Try defining names for sentences and using the names in their respective nominated sentences instead of using "This sentence", or else use the Y combinator.


    The halting problem was intentionally defined to be
    self-contradictory just like the Liar Paradox.

    The problem is not self-contradictory, but rather many (perhaps all) of
    the arguments that resolve the problem to "No there's no universal halt decider" have self-contradictory deductions.

    The problem is fine "Is there any universal halt decider?" "No, there
    isn't".


    --
    Tristan Wibberley

    The message body is Copyright (C) 2025 Tristan Wibberley except
    citations and quotations noted. All Rights Reserved except that you may,
    of course, cite it academically giving credit to me, distribute it
    verbatim as part of a usenet system or its archives, and use it to
    promote my greatness and general superiority without misrepresentation
    of my opinions other than my opinion of my greatness and general
    superiority which you _may_ misrepresent. You definitely MAY NOT train
    any production AI system with it but you may train experimental AI that
    will only be used for evaluation of the AI methods it implements.

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  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.theory,sci.logic on Sun Oct 19 17:21:32 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 10/19/2025 5:01 PM, Tristan Wibberley wrote:
    The message body is Copyright (C) 2025 Tristan Wibberley except
    citations and quotations noted. All Rights Reserved except as noted in
    the sig.

    On 08/10/2025 18:44, olcott wrote:
    "This sentence is not true" is neither true not false.
    It is neither true nor false because it is self-contradictory
    thus has no truth value, thus technically is not a truth-bearer.

    Even "This sentence is true" is a contradiction, "This sentence" refers
    to numerous different sentences including false ones so it identifies
    them all.

    If you're going to do logic you need to exclude "This sentence" as a


    Yes, and then the Tarski Undefinability theorem fails.
    Here is how to exclude it.

    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).

    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331859461_Minimal_Type_Theory_YACC_BNF


    LP := ~True(LP)
    00 ~ 01
    01 True 00

    In both Prolog and Olcott's Minimal Type Theory
    a cycle is detected in the evaluation sequence
    of the formalized: "This sentence is not true"

    term (or define it carefully to override its normal meaning).

    Try defining names for sentences and using the names in their respective nominated sentences instead of using "This sentence", or else use the Y combinator.


    The halting problem was intentionally defined to be
    self-contradictory just like the Liar Paradox.

    The problem is not self-contradictory, but rather many (perhaps all) of
    the arguments that resolve the problem to "No there's no universal halt decider" have self-contradictory deductions.

    The problem is fine "Is there any universal halt decider?" "No, there
    isn't".


    --
    Tristan Wibberley

    The message body is Copyright (C) 2025 Tristan Wibberley except
    citations and quotations noted. All Rights Reserved except that you may,
    of course, cite it academically giving credit to me, distribute it
    verbatim as part of a usenet system or its archives, and use it to
    promote my greatness and general superiority without misrepresentation
    of my opinions other than my opinion of my greatness and general
    superiority which you _may_ misrepresent. You definitely MAY NOT train
    any production AI system with it but you may train experimental AI that
    will only be used for evaluation of the AI methods it implements.

    --
    Copyright 2025 Olcott "Talent hits a target no one else can hit; Genius
    hits a target no one else can see." Arthur Schopenhauer
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  • From Tristan Wibberley@tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk to comp.theory,sci.logic on Mon Oct 20 00:26:08 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    The message body is Copyright (C) 2025 Tristan Wibberley except
    citations and quotations noted. All Rights Reserved except as noted in
    the sig.

    On 08/10/2025 22:20, Kaz Kylheku wrote:
    On 2025-10-08, olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> wrote:
    For the set of H/P pairs of
    decider H and input P:
    If H says halts then P loops
    If H says loops then P halts
    making each H(P) always incorrect.

    A better way to say it is like this:

    Consider the set S of diagonal decider/input pairs. If <H, P> is any arbitrarily chosen pair from this set, then one of these three
    possibilities is true: H(P) indicates halting, H(P) indicates
    non-halting or else H(P) fails to terminate. If H(P) indicates halting,
    then P is necessarily non-halting, and vice versa. (If H(P) doesn't
    halt, P could be either.) In all three cases, H fails to decide P
    correctly, or at all.

    That looks like a nonconstructive definition to me, a constraint. I
    don't think it's okay.

    You've said suppose that the decider doesn't decide P correctly ... then
    it doesn't decide - therefore there exists no decider.

    I think you have to show also that there exists such a P and derive that
    there exists no decider and I think you can only do that by constructing
    a P.

    [Watch Curry punch Hilbert right in the face]

    --
    Tristan Wibberley

    The message body is Copyright (C) 2025 Tristan Wibberley except
    citations and quotations noted. All Rights Reserved except that you may,
    of course, cite it academically giving credit to me, distribute it
    verbatim as part of a usenet system or its archives, and use it to
    promote my greatness and general superiority without misrepresentation
    of my opinions other than my opinion of my greatness and general
    superiority which you _may_ misrepresent. You definitely MAY NOT train
    any production AI system with it but you may train experimental AI that
    will only be used for evaluation of the AI methods it implements.

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  • From Mike Terry@news.dead.person.stones@darjeeling.plus.com to comp.theory on Mon Oct 20 03:41:11 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 19/10/2025 21:10, Kaz Kylheku wrote:
    On 2025-10-18, Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> wrote:
    On 2025-10-17 23:43:40 +0000, Chris M. Thomasson said:

    On 10/17/2025 12:57 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-15 12:09:39 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/15/2025 2:59 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-14 15:36:21 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/14/2025 3:49 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-13 15:23:15 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/13/2025 3:17 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-12 14:48:38 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/12/2025 3:54 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-11 13:11:19 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/11/2025 4:12 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-10 13:56:22 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/10/2025 6:36 AM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/10/2025 12:33 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 10/9/2025 10:17 PM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/9/2025 10:14 PM, olcott wrote:

    Self-contradictory expressions only prove that >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> they must be excluded from, formal systems of logic. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
    And as Tarski showed, that requires removing a truth predicate.

    He was wrong.

    You can say but you can't show.

    Kripke proved it
    https://files.commons.gc.cuny.edu/wp-content/blogs.dir/1358/ >>>>>>>>>>>>> files/2019/04/Outline-of-a-Theory-of-Truth.pdf

    That is a lie. In the above linked text Kripke does not prove that >>>>>>>>>>>> Tarski was wrong about anything, or even says so. Kripke accepts >>>>>>>>>>>> all mentioned results of Tarski as a valid material for further work.

    That Kripke didn't mention this, or claim this, and
    even disavowed this is not an actual rebuttal.

    Yes it is. That Kripke didn't mention that or claim that obviously >>>>>>>>>> entails that Kripke did not prove that and that your claim that he >>>>>>>>>> did prove was false.

    My claim is semantically entailed by Kripke's system.
    I had to add some details and clarifications.

    Above you claimed otherwise.

    You have not proven that your claim be semantically entaiiled by >>>>>>>> Kripke's system.

    It is,but, if you don't want to read Kripke here
    is my self-contained view.

    Any system of reasoning that begins with a consistent
    system of stipulated truths and only applies the truth
    preserving operation of semantic logical entailment to
    this finite set of basic facts inherently derives a
    truth predicate that works consistently and correctly
    for this entire body of knowledge that can be expressed
    in language.

    No, it does not. A truth predicate must assign a truth value
    to every sentence of the language on the system. If a sentence
    is not derivable from the "stipulated truths" and its negation
    isn't either then one of them must be assigned the value true
    and the other false (because otherwise it would not be a predicate). >>>>>> A sentence must be assigned the value true if it can be derived with >>>>>> truth preserving operations from sentences that are assigned the
    value true. As Tarski proved, that predicate cannot be defined
    with a formula in the language of the system it applies to.

    Nope. He just derived the Liar Paradox out
    of thin air, no truth preserving operations applied.

    That is absolutely false. Tarski did and others nave verified that
    he did derive the undefinability from the properties of the natural
    numbers with truth preserving operations.

    I must be misunderstand you here. Any natural number can be defined?

    By the usual meaning of "natural number", yes. By the meaning 'any
    element of any model of any theory of natural numbers', no.

    1. A theory is a body consisting of a finite number of symbols.
    Theories are countable, like other symbolic artifacts: expressions, sentences, programs, ...

    2. Each theory about natural numbers contains its own natural
    numbers. //Let me make plain a questionable assumption: let's assume that
    in each theory of natural numbers, that theory's concept of natural
    numbers leads to a countable set of them.

    I think you are wandering into philosophical difficulties, because perhaps you are expecting the
    theories to DEFINE what the natural numbers are? While people obviously study foundations of
    mathematics, this is more in the philosophy realm than mathematics. As I'm from a maths background
    I would suggest the foundational issues in "what /are/ the natural numbers" are more basic than the
    study of the theories of arithmetic (natural numbers and their operations addition multiplication etc.).

    Put more simply, logical theories (e.g. Peano's Arithmetic in a first order logic (FOL) framework)
    are /studied/ by mathematicians to discover their properties, but they don't look to those theories
    to define for us what those natural numbers "are". In studying those theories we /use/ the natural
    numbers in the meta language etc..

    The natural numbers mean 0,1,2,3,4,... (regardless of models of any particular theory).

    I think to be classified as a "theory of arithmetic" we would require that at least every natural
    number was definable. For example in PA (Peano's Arithmetic in first order logic (FOL)) there are
    symbols 0 and S (representing zero and successor) and here obviously every natural number is
    "definable". Basically with PA, 17 is SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS0 and so on. And the set of such "numerals"
    is going to be countable.

    We "see" that the natural numbers (as a set with operations addition, multiplication, etc.) satisfy
    the axioms of PA, with 0 <--> 0, 1 <--> S0, 2 <--> SS0, etc. but there are also other structures
    that satisfy the axioms of PA (they are "models" of PA) which contain other elements not in the
    natural numbers. Those elements are greater than all natural numbers, so have an "infinite" aspect.
    These alternative models are what is meant by non-standard natural numbers, and they can have
    "undefinable" elements. There are many such sets, some countable and some uncountable. All models
    of PA contain the elements 0,S0,SS0,SSS0,... i.e. what we identify with the natural numbers.

    But the point I'd make is that those non-standard natural numbers are NOT "the natural numbers" so
    Mikko's "By the usual meaning of "natural number", yes." is spot on. When Mikko says "By the
    meaning 'any element of any model of any theory of natural numbers', no." that is a stretch, because
    people simply do not take that as what "natural numbers" means!


    3. Thus, our list of infinite number of theories of natural numbers,
    leads us to a structure which is the same as an infinite sequence
    of infinite natural number sequences. //Such as sequence is countable//.

    I think this is an example of the difficulties I suggested you were wandering into! Children have
    an intuition for what the natural numbers are, and they know nothing of FOL or theories of
    arithmatic etc.!

    And moreso for the rest of your post! So I've stopped here.


    Mike.

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  • From Richard Heathfield@rjh@cpax.org.uk to comp.theory,sci.logic on Mon Oct 20 06:09:10 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 20/10/2025 00:26, Tristan Wibberley wrote:
    The message body is Copyright (C) 2025 Tristan Wibberley except
    citations and quotations noted. All Rights Reserved except as noted in
    the sig.

    On 08/10/2025 22:20, Kaz Kylheku wrote:
    On 2025-10-08, olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> wrote:
    For the set of H/P pairs of
    decider H and input P:
    If H says halts then P loops
    If H says loops then P halts
    making each H(P) always incorrect.

    A better way to say it is like this:

    Consider the set S of diagonal decider/input pairs. If <H, P> is any
    arbitrarily chosen pair from this set, then one of these three
    possibilities is true: H(P) indicates halting, H(P) indicates
    non-halting or else H(P) fails to terminate. If H(P) indicates halting,
    then P is necessarily non-halting, and vice versa. (If H(P) doesn't
    halt, P could be either.) In all three cases, H fails to decide P
    correctly, or at all.

    That looks like a nonconstructive definition to me, a constraint. I
    don't think it's okay.

    You've said suppose that the decider doesn't decide P correctly ... then
    it doesn't decide - therefore there exists no decider.

    I think you have to show also that there exists such a P and derive that there exists no decider and I think you can only do that by constructing
    a P.

    How many do you want?

    C:
    d(p){ if(h(p,p)) for(;;); return 0; }
    main(){ d(d); }

    Pascal:
    function h(p, q: integer): integer; external;

    function d(p: integer): integer;
    begin
    if h(p, p) <> 0 then
    while true do ;
    d := 0;
    end;

    begin
    d(Addr(d));
    end.

    BASIC:
    REM Halting Problem Diagonal Case
    FUNCTION H(P, Q)
    REM mythical halting oracle
    END FUNCTION

    FUNCTION D(P)
    IF H(P, P) <> 0 THEN
    DO WHILE 1
    LOOP
    END IF
    D = 0
    END FUNCTION

    D = D(VARPTR(D))

    Common Lithp:
    (defun d(p)(if(h p p)(loop)0))
    (d #'d)

    Python:
    def h(p,q):pass
    def d(p):
    if h(p,p):
    while 1: pass
    return 0
    d(d)


    My thanks to Hal the Polyglot for helping with the translations.
    --
    Richard Heathfield
    Email: rjh at cpax dot org dot uk
    "Usenet is a strange place" - dmr 29 July 1999
    Sig line 4 vacant - apply within
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  • From Alan Mackenzie@acm@muc.de to comp.theory on Mon Oct 20 10:22:11 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    Chris M. Thomasson <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> wrote:
    On 10/19/2025 1:32 PM, Alan Mackenzie wrote:
    Chris M. Thomasson <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> wrote:

    [ .... ]

    If its a natural number, then its in the countable natural numbers. It
    can be defined. To combine the successor and predecessor, just make an
    n-ary tree. Take this 3-ary one. There are finite functions that can
    easily find the parent (root zero aside for a moment...) and the three
    children of any node:
    __________________________________
    0
    /|\
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    1 2 3
    /|\ /|\ /|\
    / | \ / | \ / | \
    4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
    ..............................


    The parent of root zero seems odd. Its negative mirror children would be >>> -1, -2, -3, but those are not naturals.

    ..........................
    -1 -2 -3
    \ | /
    \ | /
    \ | /
    \|/
    -0+
    /|\
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    +1 +2 +3
    ..........................

    On and on... ;^)


    Now, the possible paths of this tree, are they uncountable?

    Yes, they are.

    I think so. Still, makes me a bit nervous.

    L = go left
    M = go middle
    R = go right

    LMMRLLMRM...

    all generated by a TRNG for infinity. That is irrational and uncountable?

    Not sure what you mean by irrational, but definitely uncountable, yes.
    To see this, imagine you try to count the paths "left to right". The
    first path will be LLLLLLLLL.... What about the second? At some point
    in LLLLLLLLL... you've got to put in an M, giving something like LLLLLLMLLLLL.... But that's not the path immediately after path 1.
    There is no path immediately after path 1; it just doesn't work.

    You could, of course, also prove the uncountability with a standard
    Cantor diagonal proof.

    However the set of _finite_ paths of the tree is
    countably infinite. This was one of the few sensible points that came
    from debating with a certain crank on sci.math a few years ago.

    WM?

    Indeed, yes. ;-)

    [...]
    --
    Alan Mackenzie (Nuremberg, Germany).

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  • From Tristan Wibberley@tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk to comp.theory,sci.logic on Mon Oct 20 14:48:17 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 20/10/2025 06:09, Richard Heathfield wrote:
    How many do you want?

    Oooh, maybe Kaz's demonstration only needs one added into it. Perhaps
    he'll take his pick of your generous supply, whichever one fits the
    system he wants to formalize.

    I wonder whether, though, the slight asymmetry between the constraints
    on the decider and those on the open program are sufficient to construct
    P from so general a system that the statement of those constraints are
    the atoms from which programs are constructed?

    Kaz, can we be so general and say we've proved the existence of P
    without a more specific system?

    --
    Tristan Wibberley

    The message body is Copyright (C) 2025 Tristan Wibberley except
    citations and quotations noted. All Rights Reserved except that you may,
    of course, cite it academically giving credit to me, distribute it
    verbatim as part of a usenet system or its archives, and use it to
    promote my greatness and general superiority without misrepresentation
    of my opinions other than my opinion of my greatness and general
    superiority which you _may_ misrepresent. You definitely MAY NOT train
    any production AI system with it but you may train experimental AI that
    will only be used for evaluation of the AI methods it implements.

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  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.theory,sci.logic on Mon Oct 20 12:29:30 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 10/20/2025 12:09 AM, Richard Heathfield wrote:
    On 20/10/2025 00:26, Tristan Wibberley wrote:
    The message body is Copyright (C) 2025 Tristan Wibberley except
    citations and quotations noted. All Rights Reserved except as noted in
    the sig.

    On 08/10/2025 22:20, Kaz Kylheku wrote:
    On 2025-10-08, olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> wrote:
    For the set of H/P pairs of
    decider H and input P:
    If H says halts then P loops
    If H says loops then P halts
    making each H(P) always incorrect.

    A better way to say it is like this:

    Consider the set S of diagonal decider/input pairs.  If <H, P> is any
    arbitrarily chosen pair from this set, then one of these three
    possibilities is true: H(P) indicates halting, H(P) indicates
    non-halting or else H(P) fails to terminate.  If H(P) indicates halting, >>> then P is necessarily non-halting, and vice versa. (If H(P) doesn't
    halt, P could be either.) In all three cases, H fails to decide P
    correctly, or at all.

    That looks like a nonconstructive definition to me, a constraint. I
    don't think it's okay.

    You've said suppose that the decider doesn't decide P correctly ... then
    it doesn't decide - therefore there exists no decider.

    I think you have to show also that there exists such a P and derive that
    there exists no decider and I think you can only do that by constructing
    a P.

    How many do you want?

    C:
    d(p){ if(h(p,p)) for(;;); return 0; }
    main(){ d(d); }


    int DD()
    {
    int Halt_Status = HHH(DD);
    if (Halt_Status)
    HERE: goto HERE;
    return Halt_Status;
    }

    int main()
    {
    DD(DD);
    }

    DD(DD) is proven to be outside the scope of Turing machine
    deciders (computing something that its input does not specify)

    in the same sort of way that the inability of
    the purely mental object of a Turing machine is not
    limited by its inability to bake a birthday cake.

    Here is my best current proof of that.

    The Halting Problem is a Category Error https://www.researchgate.net/publication/396689092_The_Halting_Problem_is_a_Category_Error




    Pascal:
    function h(p, q: integer): integer; external;

    function d(p: integer): integer;
    begin
      if h(p, p) <> 0 then
        while true do ;
      d := 0;
    end;

    begin
      d(Addr(d));
    end.

    BASIC:
    REM Halting Problem Diagonal Case
    FUNCTION H(P, Q)
      REM mythical halting oracle
    END FUNCTION

    FUNCTION D(P)
      IF H(P, P) <> 0 THEN
        DO WHILE 1
        LOOP
      END IF
      D = 0
    END FUNCTION

    D  = D(VARPTR(D))

    Common Lithp:
    (defun d(p)(if(h p p)(loop)0))
    (d #'d)

    Python:
    def h(p,q):pass
    def d(p):
        if h(p,p):
            while 1: pass
        return 0
    d(d)


    My thanks to Hal the Polyglot for helping with the translations.

    --
    Copyright 2025 Olcott "Talent hits a target no one else can hit; Genius
    hits a target no one else can see." Arthur Schopenhauer
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  • From Chris M. Thomasson@chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com to comp.theory,sci.logic on Mon Oct 20 13:28:23 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 10/19/2025 10:09 PM, Richard Heathfield wrote:
    On 20/10/2025 00:26, Tristan Wibberley wrote:
    The message body is Copyright (C) 2025 Tristan Wibberley except
    citations and quotations noted. All Rights Reserved except as noted in
    the sig.

    On 08/10/2025 22:20, Kaz Kylheku wrote:
    On 2025-10-08, olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> wrote:
    For the set of H/P pairs of
    decider H and input P:
    If H says halts then P loops
    If H says loops then P halts
    making each H(P) always incorrect.

    A better way to say it is like this:

    Consider the set S of diagonal decider/input pairs.  If <H, P> is any
    arbitrarily chosen pair from this set, then one of these three
    possibilities is true: H(P) indicates halting, H(P) indicates
    non-halting or else H(P) fails to terminate.  If H(P) indicates halting, >>> then P is necessarily non-halting, and vice versa. (If H(P) doesn't
    halt, P could be either.) In all three cases, H fails to decide P
    correctly, or at all.

    That looks like a nonconstructive definition to me, a constraint. I
    don't think it's okay.

    You've said suppose that the decider doesn't decide P correctly ... then
    it doesn't decide - therefore there exists no decider.

    I think you have to show also that there exists such a P and derive that
    there exists no decider and I think you can only do that by constructing
    a P.

    How many do you want?

    C:
    d(p){ if(h(p,p)) for(;;); return 0; }
    main(){ d(d); }

    Pascal:
    function h(p, q: integer): integer; external;

    function d(p: integer): integer;
    begin
      if h(p, p) <> 0 then
        while true do ;
      d := 0;
    end;

    begin
      d(Addr(d));
    end.

    BASIC:
    REM Halting Problem Diagonal Case
    FUNCTION H(P, Q)
      REM mythical halting oracle
    END FUNCTION

    Perhaps make it return a random number? It might be more accurate? ;^)




    FUNCTION D(P)
      IF H(P, P) <> 0 THEN
        DO WHILE 1
        LOOP
      END IF
      D = 0
    END FUNCTION

    D  = D(VARPTR(D))

    Common Lithp:
    (defun d(p)(if(h p p)(loop)0))
    (d #'d)

    Python:
    def h(p,q):pass
    def d(p):
        if h(p,p):
            while 1: pass
        return 0
    d(d)


    My thanks to Hal the Polyglot for helping with the translations.


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  • From Chris M. Thomasson@chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com to comp.theory on Mon Oct 20 13:44:55 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 10/20/2025 3:22 AM, Alan Mackenzie wrote:
    Chris M. Thomasson <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> wrote:
    On 10/19/2025 1:32 PM, Alan Mackenzie wrote:
    Chris M. Thomasson <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> wrote:

    [ .... ]

    If its a natural number, then its in the countable natural numbers. It >>>> can be defined. To combine the successor and predecessor, just make an >>>> n-ary tree. Take this 3-ary one. There are finite functions that can
    easily find the parent (root zero aside for a moment...) and the three >>>> children of any node:
    __________________________________
    0
    /|\
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    1 2 3
    /|\ /|\ /|\
    / | \ / | \ / | \
    4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
    ..............................


    The parent of root zero seems odd. Its negative mirror children would be >>>> -1, -2, -3, but those are not naturals.

    ..........................
    -1 -2 -3
    \ | /
    \ | /
    \ | /
    \|/
    -0+
    /|\
    / | \
    / | \
    / | \
    +1 +2 +3
    ..........................

    On and on... ;^)


    Now, the possible paths of this tree, are they uncountable?

    Yes, they are.

    I think so. Still, makes me a bit nervous.

    L = go left
    M = go middle
    R = go right

    LMMRLLMRM...

    all generated by a TRNG for infinity. That is irrational and uncountable?

    Not sure what you mean by irrational, but definitely uncountable, yes.

    Wrt irrational. Humm... Think of a number say

    0.301918004... generated on and on

    Each digit is created by a TRNG. Taken to infinity, is that an
    irrational number?

    301918004... trng on and on, can be a natural number at each iteration,
    but taken to infinity, its not a natural anymore? At each iteration, it
    has a unique path to it in the infinite n-ary tree.




    To see this, imagine you try to count the paths "left to right". The
    first path will be LLLLLLLLL.... What about the second? At some point
    in LLLLLLLLL... you've got to put in an M, giving something like LLLLLLMLLLLL.... But that's not the path immediately after path 1.
    There is no path immediately after path 1; it just doesn't work.

    You could, of course, also prove the uncountability with a standard
    Cantor diagonal proof.

    I think so. Fwiw, off topic, not a thread hijack (attn): Richard
    Heathfield. I had some fun and assigned midi notes to a Cantor Pairing:

    (Cantor Pairing)
    https://youtu.be/XkwgJt5bxKI

    Fun!


    However the set of _finite_ paths of the tree is
    countably infinite. This was one of the few sensible points that came
    from debating with a certain crank on sci.math a few years ago.

    WM?

    Indeed, yes. ;-)

    [...]



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  • From Mikko@mikko.levanto@iki.fi to comp.theory on Tue Oct 21 12:50:06 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 2025-10-19 15:36:52 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/19/2025 5:38 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-18 11:09:49 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/18/2025 5:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-09 17:01:09 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/9/2025 4:41 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-09 03:54:13 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/8/2025 4:40 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-07 15:05:07 +0000, olcott said:

    When we ask polar yes/no questions that have no
    correct yes/no answer these questions themselves
    are incorrect.

    Whether we want to call them "incorrect" or not is irrelevant. One >>>>>>>> important thing about them is that in natural languages there are >>>>>>>> such questions, which can be useful to know. Such questions are >>>>>>>> also possible in some interpretations of some formal lanuguages. >>>>>>>> Therefore, when a formal lanugage is designed one may want to make >>>>>>>> such questions possible or impossible in the intended interpretation. >>>>>>>
    That a halt decider gets fooled by a simple input
    that calls itself means that the requirements are
    incorrect.

    What gets fooled is not a halt deciders. Requirements are correct
    as they specify about every Turing machine whether is is a halt
    decider. The requirements need not serve any other purpose.

    See my new post.
    [Halting problem proof converted to Liar Paradox ---
    2004 post converted to C]

    Nothing there contradicts what I said above, although many other
    errors have been found in the discussion following that post.

    That people get confused never has been my mistake.

    If a large number of people gets confused about the same thing then
    that mean a lack of clarity in presentation.

    Most probably. There is also the factor of bias to
    want to prove me wrong at a much higher priority
    than understanding what I say.

    I guess the reason why they (or at least some of them) want to prove
    you wrong is that you have said several times something that can be
    understood and is wrong. Though in some sense meaningless non-sense
    is wrong, too. And even sensible discussion about topics urelated to
    the theory of computation.
    --
    Mikko

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  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.theory on Tue Oct 21 18:10:33 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 10/21/2025 4:50 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-19 15:36:52 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/19/2025 5:38 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-18 11:09:49 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/18/2025 5:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-09 17:01:09 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/9/2025 4:41 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-09 03:54:13 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/8/2025 4:40 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-07 15:05:07 +0000, olcott said:

    When we ask polar yes/no questions that have no
    correct yes/no answer these questions themselves
    are incorrect.

    Whether we want to call them "incorrect" or not is irrelevant. One >>>>>>>>> important thing about them is that in natural languages there are >>>>>>>>> such questions, which can be useful to know. Such questions are >>>>>>>>> also possible in some interpretations of some formal lanuguages. >>>>>>>>> Therefore, when a formal lanugage is designed one may want to make >>>>>>>>> such questions possible or impossible in the intended
    interpretation.

    That a halt decider gets fooled by a simple input
    that calls itself means that the requirements are
    incorrect.

    What gets fooled is not a halt deciders. Requirements are correct >>>>>>> as they specify about every Turing machine whether is is a halt
    decider. The requirements need not serve any other purpose.

    See my new post.
    [Halting problem proof converted to Liar Paradox ---
    2004 post converted to C]

    Nothing there contradicts what I said above, although many other
    errors have been found in the discussion following that post.

    That people get confused never has been my mistake.

    If a large number of people gets confused about the same thing then
    that mean a lack of clarity in presentation.

    Most probably. There is also the factor of bias to
    want to prove me wrong at a much higher priority
    than understanding what I say.

    I guess the reason why they (or at least some of them) want to prove
    you wrong is that you have said several times something that can be understood and is wrong.

    iff (if and only if) you never understand my rebuttal
    and or make sure that you never pay enough attention
    to my rebuttal because you are to sure that I must be
    wrong.


    Though in some sense meaningless non-sense
    is wrong, too. And even sensible discussion about topics urelated to
    the theory of computation.

    --
    Copyright 2025 Olcott "Talent hits a target no one else can hit; Genius
    hits a target no one else can see." Arthur Schopenhauer
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Mikko@mikko.levanto@iki.fi to comp.theory on Wed Oct 22 11:58:37 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 2025-10-21 23:10:33 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/21/2025 4:50 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-19 15:36:52 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/19/2025 5:38 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-18 11:09:49 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/18/2025 5:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-09 17:01:09 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/9/2025 4:41 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-09 03:54:13 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/8/2025 4:40 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-07 15:05:07 +0000, olcott said:

    When we ask polar yes/no questions that have no
    correct yes/no answer these questions themselves
    are incorrect.

    Whether we want to call them "incorrect" or not is irrelevant. One >>>>>>>>>> important thing about them is that in natural languages there are >>>>>>>>>> such questions, which can be useful to know. Such questions are >>>>>>>>>> also possible in some interpretations of some formal lanuguages. >>>>>>>>>> Therefore, when a formal lanugage is designed one may want to make >>>>>>>>>> such questions possible or impossible in the intended interpretation.

    That a halt decider gets fooled by a simple input
    that calls itself means that the requirements are
    incorrect.

    What gets fooled is not a halt deciders. Requirements are correct >>>>>>>> as they specify about every Turing machine whether is is a halt >>>>>>>> decider. The requirements need not serve any other purpose.

    See my new post.
    [Halting problem proof converted to Liar Paradox ---
    2004 post converted to C]

    Nothing there contradicts what I said above, although many other
    errors have been found in the discussion following that post.

    That people get confused never has been my mistake.

    If a large number of people gets confused about the same thing then
    that mean a lack of clarity in presentation.

    Most probably. There is also the factor of bias to
    want to prove me wrong at a much higher priority
    than understanding what I say.

    I guess the reason why they (or at least some of them) want to prove
    you wrong is that you have said several times something that can be
    understood and is wrong.

    iff (if and only if) you never understand my rebuttal
    and or make sure that you never pay enough attention
    to my rebuttal because you are to sure that I must be
    wrong.

    I don't believe anything you have written wnywhere reveals anything
    about the motives of other people.
    --
    Mikko

    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.theory on Wed Oct 22 07:28:16 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 10/22/2025 3:58 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-21 23:10:33 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/21/2025 4:50 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-19 15:36:52 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/19/2025 5:38 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-18 11:09:49 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/18/2025 5:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-09 17:01:09 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/9/2025 4:41 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-09 03:54:13 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/8/2025 4:40 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-07 15:05:07 +0000, olcott said:

    When we ask polar yes/no questions that have no
    correct yes/no answer these questions themselves
    are incorrect.

    Whether we want to call them "incorrect" or not is
    irrelevant. One
    important thing about them is that in natural languages there >>>>>>>>>>> are
    such questions, which can be useful to know. Such questions are >>>>>>>>>>> also possible in some interpretations of some formal lanuguages. >>>>>>>>>>> Therefore, when a formal lanugage is designed one may want to >>>>>>>>>>> make
    such questions possible or impossible in the intended
    interpretation.

    That a halt decider gets fooled by a simple input
    that calls itself means that the requirements are
    incorrect.

    What gets fooled is not a halt deciders. Requirements are correct >>>>>>>>> as they specify about every Turing machine whether is is a halt >>>>>>>>> decider. The requirements need not serve any other purpose.

    See my new post.
    [Halting problem proof converted to Liar Paradox ---
    2004 post converted to C]

    Nothing there contradicts what I said above, although many other >>>>>>> errors have been found in the discussion following that post.

    That people get confused never has been my mistake.

    If a large number of people gets confused about the same thing then
    that mean a lack of clarity in presentation.

    Most probably. There is also the factor of bias to
    want to prove me wrong at a much higher priority
    than understanding what I say.

    I guess the reason why they (or at least some of them) want to prove
    you wrong is that you have said several times something that can be
    understood and is wrong.

    iff (if and only if) you never understand my rebuttal
    and or make sure that you never pay enough attention
    to my rebuttal because you are to sure that I must be
    wrong.

    I don't believe anything you have written wnywhere reveals anything
    about the motives of other people.


    That they can't even do a simple trace of DD
    correctly simulated by HHH according to the
    semantics of the C programming language when
    they have been in the C group for decades seems
    to indicate that they are flat out liars.
    --
    Copyright 2025 Olcott "Talent hits a target no one else can hit; Genius
    hits a target no one else can see." Arthur Schopenhauer
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  • From dbush@dbush.mobile@gmail.com to comp.theory on Wed Oct 22 08:51:54 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 10/22/2025 8:28 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 10/22/2025 3:58 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-21 23:10:33 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/21/2025 4:50 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-19 15:36:52 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/19/2025 5:38 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-18 11:09:49 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/18/2025 5:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-09 17:01:09 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/9/2025 4:41 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-09 03:54:13 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/8/2025 4:40 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-07 15:05:07 +0000, olcott said:

    When we ask polar yes/no questions that have no
    correct yes/no answer these questions themselves
    are incorrect.

    Whether we want to call them "incorrect" or not is
    irrelevant. One
    important thing about them is that in natural languages >>>>>>>>>>>> there are
    such questions, which can be useful to know. Such questions are >>>>>>>>>>>> also possible in some interpretations of some formal
    lanuguages.
    Therefore, when a formal lanugage is designed one may want >>>>>>>>>>>> to make
    such questions possible or impossible in the intended >>>>>>>>>>>> interpretation.

    That a halt decider gets fooled by a simple input
    that calls itself means that the requirements are
    incorrect.

    What gets fooled is not a halt deciders. Requirements are correct >>>>>>>>>> as they specify about every Turing machine whether is is a halt >>>>>>>>>> decider. The requirements need not serve any other purpose. >>>>>>>>>
    See my new post.
    [Halting problem proof converted to Liar Paradox ---
    2004 post converted to C]

    Nothing there contradicts what I said above, although many other >>>>>>>> errors have been found in the discussion following that post.

    That people get confused never has been my mistake.

    If a large number of people gets confused about the same thing then >>>>>> that mean a lack of clarity in presentation.

    Most probably. There is also the factor of bias to
    want to prove me wrong at a much higher priority
    than understanding what I say.

    I guess the reason why they (or at least some of them) want to prove
    you wrong is that you have said several times something that can be
    understood and is wrong.

    iff (if and only if) you never understand my rebuttal
    and or make sure that you never pay enough attention
    to my rebuttal because you are to sure that I must be
    wrong.

    I don't believe anything you have written wnywhere reveals anything
    about the motives of other people.


    That they can't even do a simple trace of DD
    correctly simulated by HHH according to the
    semantics of the C programming language
    That's because DD is NOT correctly simulated by HHH because HHH aborts.
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  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.theory on Wed Oct 22 07:55:49 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 10/22/2025 7:51 AM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/22/2025 8:28 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 10/22/2025 3:58 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-21 23:10:33 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/21/2025 4:50 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-19 15:36:52 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/19/2025 5:38 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-18 11:09:49 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/18/2025 5:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-09 17:01:09 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/9/2025 4:41 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-09 03:54:13 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/8/2025 4:40 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-07 15:05:07 +0000, olcott said:

    When we ask polar yes/no questions that have no
    correct yes/no answer these questions themselves
    are incorrect.

    Whether we want to call them "incorrect" or not is
    irrelevant. One
    important thing about them is that in natural languages >>>>>>>>>>>>> there are
    such questions, which can be useful to know. Such questions >>>>>>>>>>>>> are
    also possible in some interpretations of some formal >>>>>>>>>>>>> lanuguages.
    Therefore, when a formal lanugage is designed one may want >>>>>>>>>>>>> to make
    such questions possible or impossible in the intended >>>>>>>>>>>>> interpretation.

    That a halt decider gets fooled by a simple input
    that calls itself means that the requirements are
    incorrect.

    What gets fooled is not a halt deciders. Requirements are >>>>>>>>>>> correct
    as they specify about every Turing machine whether is is a halt >>>>>>>>>>> decider. The requirements need not serve any other purpose. >>>>>>>>>>
    See my new post.
    [Halting problem proof converted to Liar Paradox ---
    2004 post converted to C]

    Nothing there contradicts what I said above, although many other >>>>>>>>> errors have been found in the discussion following that post. >>>>>>>>
    That people get confused never has been my mistake.

    If a large number of people gets confused about the same thing then >>>>>>> that mean a lack of clarity in presentation.

    Most probably. There is also the factor of bias to
    want to prove me wrong at a much higher priority
    than understanding what I say.

    I guess the reason why they (or at least some of them) want to prove >>>>> you wrong is that you have said several times something that can be
    understood and is wrong.

    iff (if and only if) you never understand my rebuttal
    and or make sure that you never pay enough attention
    to my rebuttal because you are to sure that I must be
    wrong.

    I don't believe anything you have written wnywhere reveals anything
    about the motives of other people.


    That they can't even do a simple trace of DD
    correctly simulated by HHH according to the
    semantics of the C programming language
    That's because DD is NOT correctly simulated by HHH because HHH aborts.

    I did not say a complete simulation.
    No one here is honest enough to correctly
    simulate five steps.
    --
    Copyright 2025 Olcott "Talent hits a target no one else can hit; Genius
    hits a target no one else can see." Arthur Schopenhauer
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  • From dbush@dbush.mobile@gmail.com to comp.theory on Wed Oct 22 09:02:14 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 10/22/2025 8:55 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 10/22/2025 7:51 AM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/22/2025 8:28 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 10/22/2025 3:58 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-21 23:10:33 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/21/2025 4:50 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-19 15:36:52 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/19/2025 5:38 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-18 11:09:49 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/18/2025 5:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-09 17:01:09 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/9/2025 4:41 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-09 03:54:13 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/8/2025 4:40 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-07 15:05:07 +0000, olcott said:

    When we ask polar yes/no questions that have no
    correct yes/no answer these questions themselves >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> are incorrect.

    Whether we want to call them "incorrect" or not is >>>>>>>>>>>>>> irrelevant. One
    important thing about them is that in natural languages >>>>>>>>>>>>>> there are
    such questions, which can be useful to know. Such >>>>>>>>>>>>>> questions are
    also possible in some interpretations of some formal >>>>>>>>>>>>>> lanuguages.
    Therefore, when a formal lanugage is designed one may want >>>>>>>>>>>>>> to make
    such questions possible or impossible in the intended >>>>>>>>>>>>>> interpretation.

    That a halt decider gets fooled by a simple input
    that calls itself means that the requirements are
    incorrect.

    What gets fooled is not a halt deciders. Requirements are >>>>>>>>>>>> correct
    as they specify about every Turing machine whether is is a halt >>>>>>>>>>>> decider. The requirements need not serve any other purpose. >>>>>>>>>>>
    See my new post.
    [Halting problem proof converted to Liar Paradox ---
    2004 post converted to C]

    Nothing there contradicts what I said above, although many other >>>>>>>>>> errors have been found in the discussion following that post. >>>>>>>>>
    That people get confused never has been my mistake.

    If a large number of people gets confused about the same thing then >>>>>>>> that mean a lack of clarity in presentation.

    Most probably. There is also the factor of bias to
    want to prove me wrong at a much higher priority
    than understanding what I say.

    I guess the reason why they (or at least some of them) want to prove >>>>>> you wrong is that you have said several times something that can be >>>>>> understood and is wrong.

    iff (if and only if) you never understand my rebuttal
    and or make sure that you never pay enough attention
    to my rebuttal because you are to sure that I must be
    wrong.

    I don't believe anything you have written wnywhere reveals anything
    about the motives of other people.


    That they can't even do a simple trace of DD
    correctly simulated by HHH according to the
    semantics of the C programming language
    That's because DD is NOT correctly simulated by HHH because HHH aborts.

    I did not say a complete simulation.

    You implicitly said so when you said "correctly simulated".

    If that's not what you meant, then you just admitted that DD is NOT
    correctly simulated by HH.
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  • From joes@noreply@example.org to comp.theory on Wed Oct 22 13:38:44 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    Am Wed, 22 Oct 2025 07:55:49 -0500 schrieb olcott:
    On 10/22/2025 7:51 AM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/22/2025 8:28 AM, olcott wrote:

    That they can't even do a simple trace of DD correctly simulated by
    HHH according to the semantics of the C programming language
    Who did it wrong?

    That's because DD is NOT correctly simulated by HHH because HHH aborts.
    I did not say a complete simulation.
    A partial simulation is incorrect if the program hasn’t halted yet.
    --
    Am Sat, 20 Jul 2024 12:35:31 +0000 schrieb WM in sci.math:
    It is not guaranteed that n+1 exists for every n.
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  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.theory on Wed Oct 22 08:44:37 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 10/22/2025 8:38 AM, joes wrote:
    Am Wed, 22 Oct 2025 07:55:49 -0500 schrieb olcott:
    On 10/22/2025 7:51 AM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/22/2025 8:28 AM, olcott wrote:

    That they can't even do a simple trace of DD correctly simulated by
    HHH according to the semantics of the C programming language
    Who did it wrong?


    No one ever made any attempt to do this at all.

    That's because DD is NOT correctly simulated by HHH because HHH aborts.
    I did not say a complete simulation.
    A partial simulation is incorrect if the program hasn’t halted yet.


    No one ever tried to simulate five steps.
    --
    Copyright 2025 Olcott "Talent hits a target no one else can hit; Genius
    hits a target no one else can see." Arthur Schopenhauer
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  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.theory on Wed Oct 22 08:46:36 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 10/22/2025 8:02 AM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/22/2025 8:55 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 10/22/2025 7:51 AM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/22/2025 8:28 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 10/22/2025 3:58 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-21 23:10:33 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/21/2025 4:50 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-19 15:36:52 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/19/2025 5:38 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-18 11:09:49 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/18/2025 5:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-09 17:01:09 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/9/2025 4:41 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-09 03:54:13 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/8/2025 4:40 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-07 15:05:07 +0000, olcott said:

    When we ask polar yes/no questions that have no >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> correct yes/no answer these questions themselves >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> are incorrect.

    Whether we want to call them "incorrect" or not is >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> irrelevant. One
    important thing about them is that in natural languages >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> there are
    such questions, which can be useful to know. Such >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> questions are
    also possible in some interpretations of some formal >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> lanuguages.
    Therefore, when a formal lanugage is designed one may >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> want to make
    such questions possible or impossible in the intended >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> interpretation.

    That a halt decider gets fooled by a simple input
    that calls itself means that the requirements are
    incorrect.

    What gets fooled is not a halt deciders. Requirements are >>>>>>>>>>>>> correct
    as they specify about every Turing machine whether is is a >>>>>>>>>>>>> halt
    decider. The requirements need not serve any other purpose. >>>>>>>>>>>>
    See my new post.
    [Halting problem proof converted to Liar Paradox ---
    2004 post converted to C]

    Nothing there contradicts what I said above, although many other >>>>>>>>>>> errors have been found in the discussion following that post. >>>>>>>>>>
    That people get confused never has been my mistake.

    If a large number of people gets confused about the same thing >>>>>>>>> then
    that mean a lack of clarity in presentation.

    Most probably. There is also the factor of bias to
    want to prove me wrong at a much higher priority
    than understanding what I say.

    I guess the reason why they (or at least some of them) want to prove >>>>>>> you wrong is that you have said several times something that can be >>>>>>> understood and is wrong.

    iff (if and only if) you never understand my rebuttal
    and or make sure that you never pay enough attention
    to my rebuttal because you are to sure that I must be
    wrong.

    I don't believe anything you have written wnywhere reveals anything
    about the motives of other people.


    That they can't even do a simple trace of DD
    correctly simulated by HHH according to the
    semantics of the C programming language
    That's because DD is NOT correctly simulated by HHH because HHH aborts.

    I did not say a complete simulation.

    You implicitly said so when you said "correctly simulated".


    That always make sure to exclude a complete
    simulation for non-terminating inputs.

    inputs. inputs. inputs. inputs. inputs. inputs.
    Not any other damn thing in the universe.

    If that's not what you meant, then you just admitted that DD is NOT correctly simulated by HH.
    --
    Copyright 2025 Olcott "Talent hits a target no one else can hit; Genius
    hits a target no one else can see." Arthur Schopenhauer
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  • From dbush@dbush.mobile@gmail.com to comp.theory on Wed Oct 22 09:49:29 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 10/22/2025 9:46 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 10/22/2025 8:02 AM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/22/2025 8:55 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 10/22/2025 7:51 AM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/22/2025 8:28 AM, olcott wrote:
    That they can't even do a simple trace of DD
    correctly simulated by HHH according to the
    semantics of the C programming language
    That's because DD is NOT correctly simulated by HHH because HHH aborts. >>>
    I did not say a complete simulation.

    You implicitly said so when you said "correctly simulated".


    That always make sure to exclude a complete
    simulation for non-terminating inputs.

    And a complete simulation of DD, i.e. UTM(DD), halts.


    inputs. inputs. inputs. inputs. inputs. inputs.
    Not any other damn thing in the universe.

    And the input to HHH(DD) is finite string DD, and finite string DD is
    the description of machine DD and is therefore stipulated to specify all semantic properties of machine DD including the fact that it halts when executed directly.


    If that's not what you meant, then you just admitted that DD is NOT
    correctly simulated by HH.



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  • From Chris M. Thomasson@chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com to comp.theory on Wed Oct 22 12:51:50 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 10/22/2025 6:44 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 10/22/2025 8:38 AM, joes wrote:
    Am Wed, 22 Oct 2025 07:55:49 -0500 schrieb olcott:
    On 10/22/2025 7:51 AM, dbush wrote:
    On 10/22/2025 8:28 AM, olcott wrote:

    That they can't even do a simple trace of DD correctly simulated by
    HHH according to the semantics of the C programming language
    Who did it wrong?


    No one ever made any attempt to do this at all.

    That's because DD is NOT correctly simulated by HHH because HHH aborts. >>> I did not say a complete simulation.
    A partial simulation is incorrect if the program hasn’t halted yet.


    No one ever tried to simulate five steps.


    Create a per-path counter of the program under consideration. Actually
    it can be done in BASIC. Load up a program as a string. Perform static analysis on it, and try to detect paths. Create a new program, call it instrumented, ideally it would have all inputs and paths with a per path counter and inputs. For each path If the driver of the fuzzer dealing
    with the inputs, notices that all the counters are non-zero it means all
    paths were hit. This can give you interesting data? Of course the dirver
    and the fuzzer logic would be inside of instrumented to make it stand
    alone. Save the new program and EXEC it.

    Have you ever did this before?
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  • From Mikko@mikko.levanto@iki.fi to comp.theory on Thu Oct 23 11:56:04 2025
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 2025-10-22 12:28:16 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/22/2025 3:58 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-21 23:10:33 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/21/2025 4:50 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-19 15:36:52 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/19/2025 5:38 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-18 11:09:49 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/18/2025 5:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-09 17:01:09 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/9/2025 4:41 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-09 03:54:13 +0000, olcott said:

    On 10/8/2025 4:40 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 2025-10-07 15:05:07 +0000, olcott said:

    When we ask polar yes/no questions that have no
    correct yes/no answer these questions themselves
    are incorrect.

    Whether we want to call them "incorrect" or not is irrelevant. One >>>>>>>>>>>> important thing about them is that in natural languages there are >>>>>>>>>>>> such questions, which can be useful to know. Such questions are >>>>>>>>>>>> also possible in some interpretations of some formal lanuguages. >>>>>>>>>>>> Therefore, when a formal lanugage is designed one may want to make >>>>>>>>>>>> such questions possible or impossible in the intended interpretation.

    That a halt decider gets fooled by a simple input
    that calls itself means that the requirements are
    incorrect.

    What gets fooled is not a halt deciders. Requirements are correct >>>>>>>>>> as they specify about every Turing machine whether is is a halt >>>>>>>>>> decider. The requirements need not serve any other purpose. >>>>>>>>>
    See my new post.
    [Halting problem proof converted to Liar Paradox ---
    2004 post converted to C]

    Nothing there contradicts what I said above, although many other >>>>>>>> errors have been found in the discussion following that post.

    That people get confused never has been my mistake.

    If a large number of people gets confused about the same thing then >>>>>> that mean a lack of clarity in presentation.

    Most probably. There is also the factor of bias to
    want to prove me wrong at a much higher priority
    than understanding what I say.

    I guess the reason why they (or at least some of them) want to prove
    you wrong is that you have said several times something that can be
    understood and is wrong.

    iff (if and only if) you never understand my rebuttal
    and or make sure that you never pay enough attention
    to my rebuttal because you are to sure that I must be
    wrong.

    I don't believe anything you have written wnywhere reveals anything
    about the motives of other people.

    That they can't even do a simple trace of DD
    correctly simulated by HHH according to the
    semantics of the C programming language when
    they have been in the C group for decades seems
    to indicate that they are flat out liars.

    Your "seems" shows that you don't see correctly.
    --
    Mikko

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