• HVYSNOW: Probabilistic Heavy Snow And Icing Discussion

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 11 09:10:02 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 110909
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    509 AM EDT Wed Mar 11 2026

    Valid 12Z Wed Mar 11 2026 - 12Z Sat Mar 14 2026

    ...Cascades Through The Northern Rockies...
    Days 1-3...

    ...Washington Cascades Blizzard into Thursday...

    Active winter weather continues across the WA Cascades and northern
    Rockies through Friday night with heavy precip and high winds
    especially tonight.

    A focused axis of 0.75 to 1" PW shifts across the western WA/OR
    border through Friday night with a trough axis crossing tonight.
    Powerful winds accompany the leadup to the trough axis with 850mb
    winds of 40-60kt expected across the WA and northern OR Cascades
    tonight before easing into the 25kt range on Thursday. Snow levels
    currently in the 2000-3000ft range rise to around 5000ft this
    afternoon in the WAA of the AR axis before dropping over WA into
    the 2000-3000ft range late tonight as noted within the negative
    temperature advection regime focused between 850-700mb. This will
    be quite the snow event for the higher elevations of the WA
    Cascades and the higher northern ID/northwestern MT ranges. Days
    1-3 each have snow probs for >24" above 40% in the Cascades and 30%
    in those ID/MT ranges (with only a little wobble in the axis south
    on Day 2 before returning north for Day 3). Snow probs for >12" at
    Snoqualmie Pass are 70% on Day 1, 95% on Day 2, and 70% again for
    Day 3. Major impacts are expected across the WA Cascades, the
    Bitterroots, western MT ranges and on Day 2 for northwestern WY
    ranges.


    ...Northern Great Lakes and Far Northeast...
    Day 1..

    Northern stream trough over the Upper Midwest with southern stream
    low over west Texas shift east to the Great Lakes/Southeast through
    tonight. The surface low over northern IL rapidly develops as it
    shifts across southern MI this morning and Quebec tonight. Banding
    around the elongated 850mb low over WI/MI is continuing over the
    U.P. with a separate area of light to moderate snow in central Neb.
    This axis pivots more N-S through this morning before lifting into
    Canada. Day 1 snow probs for >6" additional after 12Z are 50% in
    the Huron Mtns and 20-40% in the eastern U.P. and far northern
    Aroostook Co Maine.
    Meanwhile WAA ahead of the low shifts across the eastern U.S. with
    sufficient lingering cold over interior north- central Maine into
    Coos Co NH where Day 1 ice probs for >0.1" are 40-80%. Ongoing ice
    over the northern L.P. lingers this morning with 20% probs for an
    additional 0.1" after 12Z in a swath of the northeastern part of
    the state.


    ...Northern Plains through Northern Great Lakes into Northeast...
    Days 2/3...

    The potent shortwave trough axis crossing northern WA Wednesday
    night on a 150kt potent WNWly jet really amplifies over the
    northern Plains Thursday afternoon, producing a mature surface low
    that crosses the northern Great Lakes Thursday night and pushes up
    the St. Lawrence on Friday before reaching northern Maine Friday
    night. A strong wind field and heavy snow bands will develop with
    this low, though there remains some uncertainty with the track. The
    EC-AIFS and CMC are farther south with a Day 2 QPF axis focused
    just south of Duluth, while the GFS and NAM have the axis north
    from Duluth. A compromised solution in between (WPC QPF actually
    favors the south solution) is pretty close to the AIGEFS axis with
    more magnitude. Day 2 snow probs for >6" are 40% over northern MN
    with Day 2.5 probs 40-80% from the North Shore of MN, far northern
    WI, and all of the U.P. and the northern L.P. This track then
    continues east with Day 3 probs for >6" 40-60% over the Tug Hill
    and southern Adirondacks. Unlike the previous system, this one is
    much more simple with rain/snow and not a wintry mix. However, the
    deep low will create quite a wind field with localized blizzard
    conditions possible in spite of the North Woods' friction.


    Jackson


    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 11 18:00:48 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 111800
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    200 PM EDT Wed Mar 11 2026

    Valid 00Z Thu Mar 12 2026 - 00Z Sun Mar 15 2026

    ...Cascades Through The Northern Rockies...
    Days 1-3...

    ...Washington Cascades Blizzard into Thursday...

    Active winter weather continues across the WA Cascades and northern
    Rockies through Friday night with heavy precip and high winds
    especially tonight.

    Very little deviation in the synoptic scale forecast across the
    Pacific Northwest as the initial wave of the next AR takes aim at
    WA/OR, protruding inland into the Northern Rockies. Recent 12z RAOB
    out of KSLE (Portland, OR) and CONUS mesoanalysis confirms A
    focused axis of 0.75 to 1" PW advecting into the WA/OR coast. The
    expectation is for this advection regime to spread east across the
    northern half of OR into WA state, eventually making progression
    into the Northern Rockies as noted via a modest IVT pulse running
    between 500-700 kg/ms. This will create a prolonged heavy snowfall
    forecast within the terrain encompassing the Cascades into the
    interior thanks to prevailing upslope flow lingering into the end
    of the week (Friday PM). Shortwave trough currently off the WA
    coast will advance eastward through the day today with powerful
    winds preceding the mean shortwave trough axis with 850mb winds of
    40-70kts expected across the WA and northern OR Cascades tonight
    before easing into the 25-30kt range on Thursday as the trough
    axis finally crosses the region by early Thursday morning.

    Snow levels currently in the 2000-3000ft range rise to around
    5000ft this afternoon in the WAA of the AR axis before dropping
    over WA into the 2000-3000ft range late tonight as noted within the
    negative temperature advection regime focused between 850-700mb.
    This will be quite the snow event for the higher elevations of the
    WA Cascades and the higher northern ID/northwestern MT ranges. Days
    1-3 each have snow probs for >24" above 40% in the Cascades and
    30% in those ID/MT ranges (with only a little wobble in the axis
    south on Day 2 before returning north for Day 3). Snow probs for
    12" at Snoqualmie Pass are 70% on Day 1, 95% on Day 2, and 70%
    again for Day 3. Cumulative 72hr snowfall probability of >24" is
    above 70% for a majority of the WA Cascades and across the
    Bitterroots/ western MT ranges northwestern WY ranges with lower
    (30-70%), albeit modest probabilities for the same threshold across
    the Absoroka's down into the Wind River ranges in northwest WY and
    bordering MT.


    ...Northern Plains through Northern Great Lakes into Northeast...
    Days 2/3...

    The potent shortwave trough axis crossing northern WA overnight
    into tomorrow morning will quickly eject into the Northern Plains
    and neighboring Alberta/Saskatchewan Provinces through Thursday
    with sights downstream on the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes by the
    second half of D2. A LER of a potent 150kt upper jet will really
    help to amplify an accompanying surface low over the northern
    Plains as it matures rapidly into a powerful mid-980s low as it
    crosses into the northern Great Lakes Thursday night. Strong winds
    and heavy snow will press northwest to southeast from northeast ND
    through the northern-third of MN, eventually making headway into
    the Michigan U.P by early Friday morning. The strong cyclone will
    continue to move quickly eastward as it advances up into the St.
    Lawrence on Friday before reaching northern Maine Friday night.

    Day 2-2.5 snow probs for >6" are 40-80% over northern MN with the
    highest probabilities centered along the North Shore of Lake
    Superior in the Arrowhead of MN. D2.5-3 probabilities for >6" are
    between 50-80% across far northern WI, all of the U.P., and the
    northern L.P. This track then continues east with Day 3 probs for
    6" 40-70% over the Tug Hill and southern Adirondacks. Unlike the
    previous system, this one is much more simple with rain/snow and
    not a wintry mix. However, the deep low will create quite a wind
    field with localized blizzard conditions possible in spite of the
    North Woods' friction.

    Jackson/Kleebauer


    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 12 07:53:58 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 120753
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    353 AM EDT Thu Mar 12 2026

    Valid 12Z Thu Mar 12 2026 - 12Z Sun Mar 15 2026

    ...Cascades Through The Northern Rockies...
    Days 1-2...

    ...Washington Cascades Blizzard today...

    Active winter weather continues across the WA Cascades and northern
    Rockies through Friday night with heavy precip and high winds
    especially tonight.

    Atmospheric river (AR) plunging onshore WA/OR will continue with
    high probabilities (>90% chance) of exceeding 250 kg/m/s for IVT
    continuing into Friday. This AR has been persistent, and will
    maintain a westerly direction through landfall transporting
    moisture orthogonally into the WA/OR coasts. This prolonged AR will
    bring copious moisture onshore, with pronounced spillover reaching
    all the way to the Northern Rockies as reflected by still high
    probabilities (>90% chance) for IVT exceeding 250 kg/m/s today and
    tonight.

    This moisture will be wrung out as heavy precipitation through
    orographic enhancement into the Olympics, Cascades, and Northern
    Rockies, with additional heavy precipitation reaching the lower
    elevations through mid-level isentropic ascent due to WAA. However,
    a low pressure moving out of Alberta, Canada and into the Northern
    Plains by Thursday aftn will drape a cold front southward, with
    this front become elongated west to east causing some additional
    upslope and mesoscale ascent, while additionally creating a sharp
    gradient in snow levels. North of this front, snow levels will
    waver between 1500-2500 ft, creating significant impacts at many of
    the Cascades and Northern Rockies passes, especially during D1 when precipitation will be the heaviest. Farther south, snow levels will
    remain elevated as high as 6000-7000 ft in Oregon, resulting in far
    weaker winter related impacts through the period.

    The precipitation will likely be nearly continuous across the
    terrain, with only as low S/SE trend through Friday evening.
    However, by Saturday, the ascent should advect away to the east
    while the best moisture shunts to the southeast, bringing an end to
    wintry precipitation across the area. Before that happens, periods
    of heavy snow combined with strong winds will result in blizzard
    conditions across the Olympics, WA Cascades, and parts of the
    Northern Rockies near Glacier NP and the Lewis Range. With snow
    levels so low, travel across the passes will be extremely impacted
    as 1-2+"/hr snowfall combines with strong winds. Where this snow
    accumulates most robustly, WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at
    least an additional 24", with locally 3-5 feet of snow expected in
    the Cascades and highest Northern Rockies elevations, leading to
    continued challenging travel across the passes.


    ...Great Lakes into the Northeast...
    Days 1-2...

    A fast moving, compact, but intense low pressure will race eastward
    near the United States/Canada border from this morning through
    Saturday morning, bringing a stripe of heavy snow and strong winds
    to parts of the area.

    This low will initially develop over the British Columbia province
    Wednesday evening, but being to deepen rapidly as it approaches
    North Dakota Thursday morning. This low will be driven by a potent
    shortwave emerging from the Canadian Rockies and then deepening
    into a closed low despite modest amplitude of the feature thanks to
    being embedded within pinched westerlies and fast mid-level flow.
    As this shortwave deepens, likely reaching peak amplitude 00Z/Fri -
    12Z/Fri, it will work in tandem with the LFQ of nearly zonal, but strengthening, jet streak, to produce rapid ventilation aloft to
    result in the surface low deepening quickly. This low is likely to
    track from western ND to eastern WI on Thursday, and then continue
    east, ejecting away from the Maine coast on Saturday morning.

    As this low progresses east, especially into the Great Lakes, it
    will interact with a moistening column thanks to residual IVT from
    an atmospheric river spreading eastward from the Pacific Northwest.
    PWs are progged to reach +2 sigma, with this moisture then being
    advected cyclonically into the low, reflected by a strengthening
    theta-e ridge /TROWAL/ lifting northward into the western Great
    Lakes. Impressive deep layer ascent will then couple with
    increasing isentropic ascent and 850-700mb fgen (in response to
    intensifying WAA) to produce an environment will support heavy snow
    rates for which the HREF suggests has a 70-90% chance of exceeding 1"/hr, especially along the Arrowhead and into the U.P. of MI. Although
    there is still some latitudinal uncertainty as to where the
    heaviest snow will occur, there is high confidence in a stripe of
    heavy accumulations from northern MN through northern WI, the U.P.
    of MI, and into the northern L.P. of MI. This is reflected by WPC
    probabilities that are high (>70%) for at least 6 inches from far
    northern MN into much of the U.P. and northern L.P. of MI, with
    locally more than 12 inches possible across the Iron Ranges of the
    Arrowhead.

    Additionally, impacts will be considerable as these intense
    snowfall rates combine with gusty winds that may reach 30-50 mph to
    produce near blizzard conditions and dangerous travel. The WSSI-P
    indicates a 20-40% chance of at least moderate impacts across the
    Upper Midwest/Great Lakes, so the Thursday evening and Friday
    morning commutes will likely be extremely challenging.

    As this low skirts eastward on Friday into Saturday, it initially
    occludes over MI and then pivots rapidly into New England Friday
    night. During this time, the most significant ascent beings to wane
    as the upper low opens and the best synoptic ascent no longer
    overlaps within the LFQ of the accompanying jet streak. Impressive
    WAA at 850mb will surge northeast from the Mid-Atlantic states into
    the Northeast, helping to expand precipitation further despite a
    reduction in available PW (compared to areas farther west). This
    will likely still result in a swath of moderate snowfall from
    Upstate NY through coastal ME, with again some continued
    uncertainty into the latitudinal placement of the heaviest amounts.
    The heaviest snow is likely in the upslope regions of the
    Adirondacks D2 where WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at least
    6 inches, including across the Tug Hill Plateau, with lesser, but
    still significant snowfall of 2-4" expected in the higher terrain
    of the Green and White Mountains.


    ...Central Appalachians & I-95 Corridor...
    Day 1...

    A tricky forecast for snowfall will develop from the Central
    Appalachians into the Mid-Atlantic states today. A powerful cold
    front will race eastward from the Ohio Valley/Central Appalachians
    tonight, to exit the Mid-Atlantic coast by late this afternoon.
    Precipitation developing along the front will expand northeast and
    become heavy within a plume of PWs above +3 sigma. This will
    support primarily heavy rain as the column will be much too warm
    for any wintry p-types. However, the intense CAA along and
    immediately behind the front will drive tremendous ascent and
    rapidly cool the column, aided by dynamic cooling as precipitation
    falls from aloft. Cold air chasing moisture is rarely a setup that
    supports snowfall, especially after record high-temperatures from Tuesday/Wednesday. However, a potent jet streak will try to
    strengthen just as the cold front moves offshore, placing
    sufficient deep layer lift atop the front to potentially change
    precip over to heavy snow, aided by additional ascent downstream of
    the primary southern stream shortwave/PV anomaly opening into the
    Mid-Atlantic. This could support snowfall that could be heavy at
    times thanks to strong omega into the DGZ.

    The combination of intense lift into the DGZ at the same time as
    the column cools (with steep lapse rates below 850mb) could support
    a changeover to heavy snowfall, at least briefly, from northern NC
    through Long Island. The timing of the changeover (afternoon)
    combined with the antecedent hostile conditions (for snow
    accumulation) will limit most impacts. However, the high-res is in
    decent agreement that there will be a changeover to heavy snow with
    rates potentially exceeding 1"/hr at times. This will likely not
    materialize as 1"/hr accumulation, and any accumulations should be
    limited to grassy surfaces as reflected by WPC probabilities that
    are generally 10-30% for 1" of snow (higher in the higher terrain). However,
    a wide range in WSE plumes suggests the potential for some
    accumulation, especially along and east of I-95 or across the
    higher terrain of the Blue Ridge, which could impact travel for the
    evening commute as reflected by the WSSI-P supporting at least
    modest probabilities for minor impacts.


    ...Northern High Plains through the Upper Midwest...
    Day 3...

    ...Increasing confidence in a major winter storm this weekend...

    The next in a series of shortwaves embedded within rapid flow
    across the northern tier will move onshore the British Columbia
    coast Friday and then advect rapidly southeast while deepening. The
    core of this shortwave and its associated vorticity is expected to
    dive across the Northern Rockies Saturday night and then reach the
    central High Plains by Saturday night/Sunday morning. This
    deepening trough across the High Plains will move across a residual
    baroclinic gradient draped from the Northern Rockies into the
    Central Plains, to help drive surface cyclogenesis in the lee of
    the Rockies. This low is then likely to rapidly intensify as it
    tracks northeast into Sunday, aided by coupling of upper level jet
    streaks. Although there continues to be spread among the various
    ensemble clusters, there is high confidence in this low developing
    and reaching the Central Plains by the end of the forecast period.

    This low will develop within impressive moisture, both in response
    to persistent IVT spreading Pacific moisture onshore and across the
    West, but also in response to an expanding theta-e ridge emerging
    from the Gulf downstream of the amplifying trough axis. As this low
    deepens, it will wrap this moisture northward through intensifying
    isentropic ascent/WAA, leading to a large swath of heavy snow.

    This heavy snow may begin as early as Friday across the northern
    High Plains in response to impressive fgen driven both by the
    low-level front and 700mb WAA and the response to the peripheral
    RRQ of the zonally oriented jet streak aloft. It is this jet
    streak overlapping the strengthening 700mb WAA, as it moves
    eastward, which will allow snow to expand in a narrow corridor
    across the High Plains into the Upper Midwest through Saturday
    morning, and in some places there may be two rounds of moderate to
    heavy snow. However, the most significant snowfall is expected to
    begin Saturday night and then continue beyond this forecast period
    from the Northern Plains into the Great Lakes. While it remains a
    bit too early for specific forecast amounts, 2-day WPC
    probabilities for at least 8" of snow are above 70% across the High
    Plains of MT, and 30-70% for parts of SD and MN, and snowfall
    rates above 1"/hr appear probable due to a synoptic evolution that
    suggests impressive banding is likely.

    These snowfall rates combined with an intense pressure gradient due
    to a strong high positioned just to the northwest, will likely
    cause significant blowing and drifting of snowfall, along with
    limited visibility. WSSI-P is already projecting 70+% probability
    for at least moderate impacts (mostly on D4 into the Upper Midwest
    and Great Lakes) and this event could materialize as a blizzard in
    some areas with widespread substantial impacts from Saturday into
    early next week.


    Weiss



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 12 08:08:11 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 120807
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    407 AM EDT Thu Mar 12 2026

    Valid 12Z Thu Mar 12 2026 - 12Z Sun Mar 15 2026

    ...Cascades Through The Northern Rockies...=20
    Days 1-2...

    ...Washington Cascades Blizzard today...

    Active winter weather continues across the WA Cascades and northern
    Rockies through Friday night with heavy precip and high winds
    especially tonight.

    Atmospheric river (AR) plunging onshore WA/OR will continue with
    high probabilities (>90% chance) of exceeding 250 kg/m/s for IVT
    continuing into Friday. This AR has been persistent, and will
    maintain a westerly direction through landfall transporting
    moisture orthogonally into the WA/OR coasts. This prolonged AR will
    bring copious moisture onshore, with pronounced spillover reaching
    all the way to the Northern Rockies as reflected by still high
    probabilities (>90% chance) for IVT exceeding 250 kg/m/s today and
    tonight.

    This moisture will be wrung out as heavy precipitation through
    orographic enhancement into the Olympics, Cascades, and Northern
    Rockies, with additional heavy precipitation reaching the lower
    elevations through mid-level isentropic ascent due to WAA. However,
    a low pressure moving out of Alberta, Canada and into the Northern
    Plains by Thursday aftn will drape a cold front southward, with
    this front become elongated west to east causing some additional
    upslope and mesoscale ascent, while additionally creating a sharp=20
    gradient in snow levels. North of this front, snow levels will
    waver between 1500-2500 ft, creating significant impacts at many of
    the Cascades and Northern Rockies passes, especially during D1 when precipitation will be the heaviest. Farther south, snow levels will
    remain elevated as high as 6000-7000 ft in Oregon, resulting in far
    weaker winter related impacts through the period.

    The precipitation will likely be nearly continuous across the
    terrain, with only as low S/SE trend through Friday evening.
    However, by Saturday, the ascent should advect away to the east
    while the best moisture shunts to the southeast, bringing an end to
    wintry precipitation across the area. Before that happens, periods
    of heavy snow combined with strong winds will result in blizzard
    conditions across the Olympics, WA Cascades, and parts of the
    Northern Rockies near Glacier NP and the Lewis Range. With snow
    levels so low, travel across the passes will be extremely impacted
    as 1-2+"/hr snowfall combines with strong winds. Where this snow
    accumulates most robustly, WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at
    least an additional 24", with locally 3-5 feet of snow expected in
    the Cascades and highest Northern Rockies elevations, leading to
    continued challenging travel across the passes.=20


    ...Great Lakes into the Northeast...
    Days 1-2...

    A fast moving, compact, but intense low pressure will race eastward
    near the United States/Canada border from this morning through
    Saturday morning, bringing a stripe of heavy snow and strong winds
    to parts of the area.

    This low will initially develop over the British Columbia province
    Wednesday evening, but being to deepen rapidly as it approaches
    North Dakota Thursday morning. This low will be driven by a potent
    shortwave emerging from the Canadian Rockies and then deepening
    into a closed low despite modest amplitude of the feature thanks to
    being embedded within pinched westerlies and fast mid-level flow.
    As this shortwave deepens, likely reaching peak amplitude 00Z/Fri -
    12Z/Fri, it will work in tandem with the LFQ of nearly zonal, but strengthening, jet streak, to produce rapid ventilation aloft to
    result in the surface low deepening quickly. This low is likely to
    track from western ND to eastern WI on Thursday, and then continue
    east, ejecting away from the Maine coast on Saturday morning.

    As this low progresses east, especially into the Great Lakes, it
    will interact with a moistening column thanks to residual IVT from
    an atmospheric river spreading eastward from the Pacific Northwest.
    PWs are progged to reach +2 sigma, with this moisture then being
    advected cyclonically into the low, reflected by a strengthening
    theta-e ridge /TROWAL/ lifting northward into the western Great
    Lakes. Impressive deep layer ascent will then couple with
    increasing isentropic ascent and 850-700mb fgen (in response to
    intensifying WAA) to produce an environment will support heavy snow
    rates for which the HREF suggests has a 70-90% chance of exceeding 1"/hr, especially along the Arrowhead and into the U.P. of MI. Although=20
    there is still some latitudinal uncertainty as to where the=20
    heaviest snow will occur, there is high confidence in a stripe of=20
    heavy accumulations from northern MN through northern WI, the U.P.
    of MI, and into the northern L.P. of MI. This is reflected by WPC
    probabilities that are high (>70%) for at least 6 inches from far
    northern MN into much of the U.P. and northern L.P. of MI, with=20
    locally more than 12 inches possible across the Iron Ranges of the=20 Arrowhead.

    Additionally, impacts will be considerable as these intense
    snowfall rates combine with gusty winds that may reach 30-50 mph to
    produce near blizzard conditions and dangerous travel. The WSSI-P
    indicates a 20-40% chance of at least moderate impacts across the
    Upper Midwest/Great Lakes, so the Thursday evening and Friday
    morning commutes will likely be extremely challenging.

    As this low skirts eastward on Friday into Saturday, it initially
    occludes over MI and then pivots rapidly into New England Friday
    night. During this time, the most significant ascent beings to wane
    as the upper low opens and the best synoptic ascent no longer
    overlaps within the LFQ of the accompanying jet streak. Impressive
    WAA at 850mb will surge northeast from the Mid-Atlantic states into
    the Northeast, helping to expand precipitation further despite a
    reduction in available PW (compared to areas farther west). This
    will likely still result in a swath of moderate snowfall from
    Upstate NY through coastal ME, with again some continued
    uncertainty into the latitudinal placement of the heaviest amounts.
    The heaviest snow is likely in the upslope regions of the
    Adirondacks D2 where WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at least
    6 inches, including across the Tug Hill Plateau, with lesser, but
    still significant snowfall of 2-4" expected in the higher terrain
    of the Green and White Mountains.


    ...Central Appalachians & I-95 Corridor...=20
    Day 1...

    A tricky forecast for snowfall will develop from the Central
    Appalachians into the Mid-Atlantic states today. A powerful cold
    front will race eastward from the Ohio Valley/Central Appalachians
    tonight, to exit the Mid-Atlantic coast by late this afternoon.
    Precipitation developing along the front will expand northeast and
    become heavy within a plume of PWs above +3 sigma. This will
    support primarily heavy rain as the column will be much too warm
    for any wintry p-types. However, the intense CAA along and
    immediately behind the front will drive tremendous ascent and
    rapidly cool the column, aided by dynamic cooling as precipitation
    falls from aloft. Cold air chasing moisture is rarely a setup that
    supports snowfall, especially after record high-temperatures from Tuesday/Wednesday. However, a potent jet streak will try to
    strengthen just as the cold front moves offshore, placing
    sufficient deep layer lift atop the front to potentially change
    precip over to heavy snow, aided by additional ascent downstream of
    the primary southern stream shortwave/PV anomaly opening into the
    Mid-Atlantic. This could support snowfall that could be heavy at=20
    times thanks to strong omega into the DGZ.=20

    The combination of intense lift into the DGZ at the same time as=20
    the column cools (with steep lapse rates below 850mb) could support
    a changeover to heavy snowfall, at least briefly, from northern NC
    through Long Island. The timing of the changeover (afternoon)
    combined with the antecedent hostile conditions (for snow
    accumulation) will limit most impacts. However, the high-res is in
    decent agreement that there will be a changeover to heavy snow with
    rates potentially exceeding 1"/hr at times. This will likely not
    materialize as 1"/hr accumulation, and any accumulations should be
    limited to grassy surfaces as reflected by WPC probabilities that
    are generally 10-30% for 1" of snow (higher in the higher terrain). However,
    a wide range in WSE plumes suggests the potential for some=20
    accumulation, especially along and east of I-95 or across the=20
    higher terrain of the Blue Ridge, which could impact travel for the
    evening commute as reflected by the WSSI-P supporting at least=20
    modest probabilities for minor impacts.


    ...Northern High Plains through the Upper Midwest...
    Day 3...

    ...Increasing confidence in a major winter storm this weekend...

    The next in a series of shortwaves embedded within rapid flow
    across the northern tier will move onshore the British Columbia
    coast Friday and then advect rapidly southeast while deepening. The
    core of this shortwave and its associated vorticity is expected to
    dive across the Northern Rockies Saturday night and then reach the
    central High Plains by Saturday night/Sunday morning. This
    deepening trough across the High Plains will move across a residual
    baroclinic gradient draped from the Northern Rockies into the
    Central Plains, to help drive surface cyclogenesis in the lee of
    the Rockies. This low is then likely to rapidly intensify as it=20
    tracks northeast into Sunday, aided by coupling of upper level jet
    streaks. Although there continues to be spread among the various
    ensemble clusters, there is high confidence in this low developing
    and reaching the Central Plains by the end of the forecast period.

    This low will develop within impressive moisture, both in response
    to persistent IVT spreading Pacific moisture onshore and across the
    West, but also in response to an expanding theta-e ridge emerging
    from the Gulf downstream of the amplifying trough axis. As this low
    deepens, it will wrap this moisture northward through intensifying
    isentropic ascent/WAA, leading to a large swath of heavy snow.=20

    This heavy snow may begin as early as Friday across the northern=20
    High Plains in response to impressive fgen driven both by the
    low-level front and 700mb WAA and the response to the peripheral=20
    RRQ of the zonally oriented jet streak aloft. It is this jet
    streak overlapping the strengthening 700mb WAA, as it moves=20
    eastward, which will allow snow to expand in a narrow corridor=20
    across the High Plains into the Upper Midwest through Saturday
    morning, and in some places there may be two rounds of moderate to
    heavy snow. However, the most significant snowfall is expected to
    begin Saturday night and then continue beyond this forecast period
    from the Northern Plains into the Great Lakes. While it remains a
    bit too early for specific forecast amounts, 2-day WPC
    probabilities for at least 8" of snow are above 70% across the High
    Plains of MT, and 30-70% for parts of SD and MN, and snowfall=20
    rates above 1"/hr appear probable due to a synoptic evolution that=20
    suggests impressive banding is likely.

    These snowfall rates combined with an intense pressure gradient due
    to a strong high positioned just to the northwest, will likely
    cause significant blowing and drifting of snowfall, along with
    limited visibility. WSSI-P is already projecting 70+% probability=20
    for at least moderate impacts (mostly on D4 into the Upper Midwest=20
    and Great Lakes) and this event could materialize as a blizzard in=20
    some areas with widespread substantial impacts from Saturday into=20
    early next week.

    Winter storm key messages have been initiated for this event, and
    are linked below (Key Message 1).


    Weiss



    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect. Please see current=20
    Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!_l7_SIF4iMRgLCJLePHWPudv8GP3NFvmHymMtUBheLFyN= D3L4Bl8L4e3qb_iwLvBLK4Meuj_FIJYeuSYOFj4hqjZXiA$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 12 19:39:51 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 121939
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    339 PM EDT Thu Mar 12 2026

    Valid 00Z Fri Mar 13 2026 - 00Z Mon Mar 16 2026

    ...Cascades Through The Northern Rockies...=20
    Days 1-2...

    ...Washington Cascades Major Winter Storm through Friday...

    Active winter weather continues across the WA Cascades and northern
    Rockies through Friday night with heavy precip and high winds
    especially tonight.

    Atmospheric river (AR) plunging onshore WA/OR will continue with
    high probabilities (>90% chance) of exceeding 250 kg/m/s for IVT
    continuing into Friday. This AR has been persistent, and will
    maintain a westerly direction through landfall transporting
    moisture orthogonally into the WA/OR coasts. This prolonged AR will
    bring copious moisture onshore, with pronounced spillover reaching
    all the way to the Northern Rockies as reflected by still high
    probabilities (>90% chance) for IVT exceeding 250 kg/m/s today and
    tonight.

    This moisture will be wrung out as heavy precipitation through
    orographic enhancement into the Olympics, Cascades, and Northern
    Rockies, with additional heavy precipitation reaching the lower
    elevations through mid-level isentropic ascent due to WAA. However,
    a low pressure moving out of Alberta, Canada and into the Northern
    Plains by Thursday aftn will drape a cold front southward, with
    this front become elongated west to east causing some additional
    upslope and mesoscale ascent, while additionally creating a sharp=20
    gradient in snow levels. North of this front, snow levels will
    waver between 1500-2500 ft, creating significant impacts at many of
    the Cascades and Northern Rockies passes, especially during D1 when precipitation will be the heaviest. Farther south, snow levels will
    remain elevated as high as 6000-7000 ft in Oregon, resulting in far
    weaker winter related impacts through the period.

    The precipitation will likely be nearly continuous across the
    terrain, with only as low S/SE trend through Friday evening.
    However, by Saturday, the ascent should advect away to the east
    while the best moisture shunts to the southeast, bringing an end to
    wintry precipitation across the area. Before that happens, periods
    of heavy snow combined with strong winds will result in blizzard
    conditions across the Olympics, WA Cascades, and parts of the
    Northern Rockies near Glacier NP and the Lewis Range. With snow
    levels so low, travel across the passes will be extremely impacted
    as 1-2+"/hr snowfall combines with strong winds. Where this snow
    accumulates most robustly, WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at
    least an additional 24", with locally 3-5 feet of snow expected in
    the Cascades and highest Northern Rockies elevations, leading to
    continued challenging travel across the passes.=20


    ...Great Lakes into the Northeast...
    Days 1-2...

    A fast moving, compact, but intense low pressure will race eastward
    near the United States/Canada border from this morning through
    Saturday morning, bringing a stripe of heavy snow and strong winds
    to parts of the area.

    This low will initially develop over the British Columbia province
    Wednesday evening, but being to deepen rapidly as it approaches
    North Dakota Thursday morning. This low will be driven by a potent
    shortwave emerging from the Canadian Rockies and then deepening
    into a closed low despite modest amplitude of the feature thanks to
    being embedded within pinched westerlies and fast mid-level flow.
    As this shortwave deepens, likely reaching peak amplitude 00Z/Fri -
    12Z/Fri, it will work in tandem with the LFQ of nearly zonal, but strengthening, jet streak, to produce rapid ventilation aloft to
    result in the surface low deepening quickly. This low is likely to
    track from western ND to eastern WI on Thursday, and then continue
    east, ejecting away from the Maine coast on Saturday morning.

    As this low progresses east, especially into the Great Lakes, it
    will interact with a moistening column thanks to residual IVT from
    an atmospheric river spreading eastward from the Pacific Northwest.
    PWs are progged to reach +2 sigma, with this moisture then being
    advected cyclonically into the low, reflected by a strengthening
    theta-e ridge /TROWAL/ lifting northward into the western Great
    Lakes. Impressive deep layer ascent will then couple with
    increasing isentropic ascent and 850-700mb fgen (in response to
    intensifying WAA) to produce an environment will support heavy snow
    rates for which the HREF suggests has a 70-90% chance of exceeding 1"/hr, especially along the Arrowhead and into the U.P. of MI. Although=20
    there is still some latitudinal uncertainty as to where the=20
    heaviest snow will occur, there is high confidence in a stripe of=20
    heavy accumulations from northern MN through northern WI, the U.P.
    of MI, and into the northern L.P. of MI. This is reflected by WPC
    probabilities that are high (>70%) for at least 6 inches from far
    northern MN into much of the U.P. and northern L.P. of MI, with=20
    locally more than 12 inches possible across the Iron Ranges of the=20 Arrowhead.

    Additionally, impacts will be considerable as these intense
    snowfall rates combine with gusty winds that may reach 30-50 mph to
    produce near blizzard conditions and dangerous travel. The WSSI-P
    indicates a 20-40% chance of at least moderate impacts across the
    Upper Midwest/Great Lakes, so the Thursday evening and Friday
    morning commutes will likely be extremely challenging.

    As this low skirts eastward on Friday into Saturday, it initially
    occludes over MI and then pivots rapidly into New England Friday
    night. During this time, the most significant ascent begins to=20
    wane as the upper low opens and the best synoptic ascent no longer=20
    overlaps within the LFQ of the accompanying jet streak. Impressive=20
    WAA at 850mb will surge northeast from the Mid-Atlantic states into
    the Northeast, helping to expand precipitation further despite a=20
    reduction in available PW (compared to areas farther west). This=20
    will likely still result in a swath of moderate snowfall from=20
    Upstate NY through coastal ME, with again some continued=20
    uncertainty into the latitudinal placement of the heaviest amounts.
    The heaviest snow is likely in the upslope regions of the=20
    Adirondacks D2 where WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at least
    6 inches, including across the Tug Hill Plateau, with lesser, but=20
    still significant snowfall of 2-4" expected in the higher terrain=20
    of the Green and White Mountains.


    ...Northern High Plains through the Upper Midwest...
    Days 3-3.5...

    ...Increasing confidence for a major winter storm this weekend...

    The next in a series of shortwaves embedded within rapid flow
    across the northern tier will move onshore the British Columbia
    coast Friday and then advect rapidly southeast while deepening. The
    core of this shortwave and its associated vorticity is expected to
    dive across the Northern Rockies Saturday night and then reach the
    central High Plains by Saturday night/Sunday morning. This
    deepening trough across the High Plains will move across a residual
    baroclinic gradient draped from the Northern Rockies into the
    Central Plains, to help drive surface cyclogenesis in the lee of
    the Rockies. This low is then likely to rapidly intensify as it=20
    tracks northeast into Sunday, aided by coupling of upper level jet
    streaks. Although there continues to be some spread among the=20
    various ensemble clusters, there is high confidence in this low=20
    developing and reaching the upper Great Lakes by the end of the=20
    forecast period.

    This low will develop within impressive moisture, both in response
    to persistent IVT spreading Pacific moisture onshore and across the
    West, but also in response to an expanding theta-e ridge emerging
    from the Gulf downstream of the amplifying trough axis. As this low
    deepens, it will wrap this moisture northward through intensifying
    isentropic ascent/WAA, leading to a large swath of heavy snow.=20

    This heavy snow may begin as early as Friday across the northern=20
    High Plains in response to impressive fgen driven both by the
    low-level front and 700mb WAA and the response to the peripheral=20
    RRQ of the zonally oriented jet streak aloft. It is this jet
    streak overlapping the strengthening 700mb WAA, as it moves=20
    eastward, which will allow snow to expand in a narrow corridor=20
    across the High Plains into the Upper Midwest through Saturday
    morning, and in some places there may be two rounds of moderate to
    heavy snow. However, the most significant snowfall is expected to
    begin Saturday night and then continue into Monday from the=20
    Northern Plains into the upper Great Lakes. While it remains a bit
    too early for specific forecast amounts, 3-day NBM probabilities
    for the entire storm ending Tuesday include warning level (6") of
    snow at the 5th percentile (meaning 95% chance of more than this)
    in a swath from the southeast corner of Minnesota through central
    Wisconsin and then northeast across much of the northern Mitt and
    far western U.P. of Michigan. 2-day WPC probabilities for at least
    8" of snow are above 70% across the High Plains of MT, and 30-70%=20
    for parts of SD and MN, and snowfall rates above 1"/hr appear=20
    probable due to a synoptic evolution that suggests impressive=20
    banding is likely.

    These snowfall rates combined with an intense pressure gradient due
    to a strong high positioned just to the northwest, will likely
    cause significant blowing and drifting of snowfall, along with
    limited visibility. WSSI-P is already projecting 70+% probability=20
    for at least moderate impacts (mostly on D4 into the Upper Midwest=20
    and Great Lakes) and this event could materialize as a blizzard in=20
    some areas with widespread substantial impacts from Saturday into=20
    early next week. The parent low feeding the system will be in an
    intensifying phase as the track turns north of east after the
    center crosses the Mississippi River Sunday evening. Very heavy
    snow and persistent banding will be in place as the upper level
    shortwave trough driving the upper level dynamics of the storm
    Sunday night becomes negatively tilted, and the RRQ of the rapidly strengthening upper level jet streak curls to a SSE direction, thus
    maximizing upper level divergence. Snowfall rates greater than 2
    inches per hour are likely in the strongest bands.

    Snow efficiency will be a big challenge with this storm. The
    combination of it being mid-March, so there's about 12 hours of
    daylight for any snow to contend with when accumulating, as well as
    increasing wind concerns, especially Sunday into Monday as the
    storm continues to intensify. The winds work to break up the
    snowflakes, lowering accumulation efficiency. The cold air coming
    south behind the storm is quite dry, as usual, so that should work
    to prevent there being much snow at very cold temperatures, which
    would increase snow liquid ratios.=20

    Finally, NBM mean snow totals are over a foot from southwest
    Minnesota across all but far northwestern Wisconsin, and all but
    southeast Michigan. 2 foot means cover much of central and
    northeastern Wisconsin, the northern Mitt, and most of the western
    half of the U.P. Thus, this is expected to be a historic and=20
    extremely impactful winter storm due to both snowfall amounts and=20
    high winds blowing the snow around. Frequent whiteouts are expected
    with blizzard conditions certain along the shorelines of Lakes
    Michigan and Superior, and likely for many inland areas.=20

    Winter storm key messages have been initiated for this event, and
    are linked below (Key Message 1).


    Wegman/ Weiss




    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect. Please see current=20
    Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!6CPU2QBS2MnpiTUJhZ1xYelk_Nk_YKf1d2MQcOrzFbdBu= eFFwjRZn66OhIHBmQPGlA8NRFhgh5ax3YlGSy_91pPaBug$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 13 07:29:46 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 130729
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    329 AM EDT Fri Mar 13 2026

    Valid 12Z Fri Mar 13 2026 - 12Z Mon Mar 16 2026

    ...Cascades Through The Northern Rockies...=20
    Days 1-2...

    ...Washington Cascades Major Winter Storm continues today...

    Impressive atmospheric river (AR) continues one more day with a
    plume of IVT with high probabilities (>90%) for exceeding 500
    kg/m/s continuing to advect onshore around 45N near the WA/OR
    border. This AR has been ongoing for more than a day already, and
    will continue one more day before finally sinking southward Friday
    aftn. This prolonged fetch of IVT will cause significant spillover
    into the Northern Rockies as well as reflected by still significant probabilities for IVT exceeding 250 kg/m/s, so while the most
    intense snowfall will continue across the Olympics and Cascades,
    the Northern Rockies will also experience heavy snow for at least
    one more day.

    The nearly zonal direction of this AR will result in exceptional
    orographic enhancement as it directs nearly orthogonally into the
    Olympics and Cascades, with additional large scale ascent being
    produced via isentropic ascent on the WAA within the AR plume and
    modest LFQ diffluence as the Pacific jet streak sinks southward. At
    the surface, a stationary front will waver in a west-to-east
    fashion through tonight before finally sinking southward as a cold
    front in response to a shortwave digging out of British Columbia.
    This shortwave will also be responsible for weakening and shifting
    the narrowing IVT plume southward, with the West-WRF indicating IVT
    falling below 250 kg/m/s into northern CA by Saturday morning.

    There is high confidence in heavy snow continuing today and tonight
    before precipitation slowly wanes on Saturday with much lighter
    snow. The more challenging aspect is what will happen with snow
    levels across the region. There will be a very sharp gradient in
    snow levels from north to south, with the surface front acting as a
    demarcation between very low snow levels in the WA Cascades
    (1000-2000 ft) and much higher across OR (6000-7000 ft). As the
    front digs south in conjunction with the shortwave, snow levels
    will crash across OR as well, but with much lighter precipitation
    during that transition. This suggests that the heaviest snow (and
    most notable impacts) will be across the WA Cascades and Olympics,
    with considerable impacts also expected in the Northern Rockies,
    and lesser snowfall and impacts expected across the OR Cascades.

    This is reflected by WPC probabilities that are high (>70%) for at
    least an additional 12 inches in the WA Cascades and parts of the=20
    Northern Rockies. At least 4 inches of additional snowfall D1 is=20
    expected (>70%) in the Blue Mountains, the higher elevations of NW=20
    WY near Yellowstone NP, and the Sawtooth/Salmon River ranges. BY
    D2, snowfall persisting across the Cascades wanes rapidly leaving
    just light additional accumulations, but heavy snow will continue
    across the Wind Rivers, Absarokas, Tetons, Big Horns, and other
    neighboring terrain where WPC probabilities predict a high risk
    70%) for 8+ inches of snow.


    ...Great Lakes into the Northeast...
    Days 1-2...

    Intense but compact low pressure will cross the Great Lakes today
    bringing blizzard, and near-blizzard conditions, to many areas.
    This low is being driven by a potent shortwave which is progged to
    briefly close off near the MN Arrowhead tonight (pre-forecast
    period) and then slowly open as it pivots eastward on Friday. This
    will result in the occlusion of the accompanying surface low over
    MI, leading to a brief slowing of the low before it then picks up
    speed and races east into New England Saturday before exiting into
    the Canadian Maritimes.

    This event will be considerable for the Great Lakes. The
    combination of the deep surface low, impressive upper shortwave,
    and the LFQ of zonally oriented jet streak arcing from the Pacific
    Northwest will drive intense deep layer lift. Within this region of
    deep layer omega, impressive mesoscale ascent will aid through fgen
    thanks to WAA lifting into a TROWAL, and a deformation axis which
    will pivot N/NW of the surface low. Additionally, low-level flow
    across Lake Superior from the east will lift orographically into
    the Arrowhead/Iron Ranges bringing locally even heavier snow.

    The setup is favorable for intense snowfall rates, despite SLRs
    that may become fractured due to strong winds leading to blizzard
    and near-blizzard conditions. The snow character may be drastically
    different in some places too, with WAA leading to a heavier-wet
    snow across the L.P. of MI, and more near-climo or fluffier/lighter
    snow across the U.P. and into the Arrowhead. Regardless, the HREF
    probabilities for 1"/hr snowfall reach above 70-80% in many areas,
    with 2+"/hr snowfall rates possible at times thanks to CSI. Where
    this snow is most intense and lingers the longest on D1, WPC
    probabilities predict a high chance (>70%) of at least 6 inches
    (after 12Z this morning) for the Huron Mountains of the U.P. as
    well as near the Tip of the Mitt, with lighter accumulations
    surrounding these areas.

    As the low continues to pivot eastward late D1 into D2, a=20
    resurgence of WAA will expand precipitation into New England, and a
    secondary low may develop near the coast of ME Saturday morning.
    Total forcing for ascent and available moisture will likely be less
    than areas upstream (in the Great Lakes), but periods of heavy snow
    both within WAA and along an inverted trough/occluded front
    upstream from the secondary low pressure will result in areas of
    heavy snowfall with rates again potentially reaching 1"/hr. WPC
    probabilities across the Northeast are as high as 90% for 4+ inches
    in the Tug Hill and southern Adirondacks, with probabilities
    reaching 50-70% for the Chautauqua Ridge, and parts of the higher
    terrain of VT/NH/ME. A local maxima is also possible along the
    coast of ME where onshore flow ahead of the secondary low pressure
    advects higher moisture onshore.


    ...Northern High Plains through the Upper Midwest...
    Days 1-3...

    ...Blizzard likely this weekend with widespread major impacts and
    potentially record-breaking snowfall for the Upper Midwest and=20
    Great Lakes...

    Guidance is consolidating around a rapidly strengthening low which
    will develop in the lee of the Rockies Saturday night and then
    track northeast through Monday before occluding and then exiting
    after the forecast period. While the primary low is going to be the
    one that brings the most substantial impacts, this system will, in
    reality, driven by two distinct surface lows embedded within the
    amplifying mid-level pattern and accompanying coupled jet streaks.

    The event really begins today across the High Plains as moisture
    streaming onshore within an impressive IVT plume (atmospheric
    river) continues to push well inland leading to a surge in
    PW/column moisture across Montana. The accompanying upper jet
    streak arcing zonally across the region working in tandem with a
    surface stationary front will cause snowfall to break out and
    spread WNW to ESE across the state. Overall ascent during D1 across
    this area appears modest as noted by omega fields and regional
    soundings, but the impressive PW anomalies (nearing +2 sigma) will
    support periods of moderate snowfall from MT through parts of SD.
    The heaviest accumulations are likely in the higher terrain, with
    otherwise modest accumulations expected D1. Where the heaviest snow
    occurs, generally just east of the Continental Divide, WPC
    probabilities are high (>70%) for at least 4 inches of snow for
    much of central and southern MT, with locally more than 8 inches
    possible in the Little Belt range.

    The more significant portion of this event begins Saturday /D2/ as
    lee cyclogenesis begins in more impressive fashion east of CO/WY. A
    shortwave digging onshore the British Columbia coast Friday night
    will begin to amplify as it digs into the Central Rockies Saturday
    night. The rapid amplification of this shortwave will drive
    impressive height falls downstream, with impressive jet streak
    intensification occurring as a result. The overlap of height falls
    with this jet development will lead to a rapidly deepening surface
    low tracking from CO to IA before 12Z Sunday. As the jet begins to
    kink southward, it will continue to produce heavy snow, with an
    expansion across MT due to mid-level divergence downstream of the=20 approaching shortwave. At this time the snowfall rates should
    become more intense through 00Z/Sun across MT, with additional
    snowfall of 4+ inches possible (50-70%) for much of the eastern
    half of the state.

    After 00Z Sunday is when this event truly becomes a major winter
    event with widespread considerable impacts. As the surface low
    begins to lift northeast from the Central Plains it will encounter
    dual moisture streams, one from the decaying AR pushing east, and=20
    a second as the theta-e ridge begins to arc northward on=20
    intensifying WAA/southerly flow out of the Gulf. The overlap of=20
    robust deep layer ascent with maximizing moisture return will=20
    deepen the low substantially, and help expand a considerable=20
    precipitation shield, with heavy snow arcing from SD through the=20
    Great Lakes by the end of D2, and then slowly pivoting northeast=20
    while continuing through D3 as the surface low reaches MI by=20
    12Z/Monday.

    The synoptic setup is extremely favorable for a classic Midwest
    winter storm with widespread intense snowfall. Embedded bands=20
    with snowfall rates of 1-3"/hr are expected as reflected by high=20
    potential for CSI and even CI in model cross-sections Sunday aftn=20
    into Monday which drives intense omega into the TROWAL. Although=20
    guidance has trended slightly north tonight, there is high=20
    confidence in a laterally translating band of heavy snow from SD=20
    into MN Sunday morning, with the environment transiting into one
    that matches the conceptual model for a pivoting band over eastern
    MN and WI Sunday evening into Monday, It is in this area where the
    heaviest snowfall is expected, and potentially record, or near-
    record 2-day snowfall is possible from eastern MN through WI and
    northern MI. Elsewhere, snowfall rates of 1"/hr or more are still=20
    likely at times, just with lesser duration. These snowfall rates=20
    combined with gusty winds reaching 50 mph will create blizzard and near-blizzard conditions, with major to extreme impacts progged by
    the recent WSSI-P. Even in areas that get lower snow totals, the=20
    blowing snow potential will still result in difficult travel, and=20
    it is likely that most forms of transportation will be treacherous
    at best, and impossible at worst, through the event across a large
    area.

    2-day WPC probabilities ending 12Z Monday are impressive, and
    suggest a high likelihood (>70%) for at least 12 inches from the
    Buffalo Ridge eastward through the Twin Cities, across much of WI,
    and through all of the U.P. of MI. Within this axis, WPC
    probabilities for at least 24" are already above 50%, and some
    locations may approach 3 feet before the event winds down Tuesday.
    Outside of this axis of heaviest snow, a broad swath of at least 6
    inches is likely (>70%) from far western SD through central IA and
    northeast into central MI.=20

    Finally, on the S/SE side of this snowfall swath, an axis of mixed precipitation is likely, leading to icing accretion from central IA
    through southeast WI and into lower MI. The most significant icing
    is expected for lower MI where WPC probabilities for at least 0.25"
    of ice reach as high as 30-50%.

    This storm could result in record snowfall in some places, and=20
    with SLRs being slightly below climo, combined with the strong=20
    winds, power outages and long-lasting impacts are expected. For=20
    these reasons, Winter storm key messages are in effect, and are=20
    linked below (Key Message 1).


    Weiss


    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect. Please see current=20
    Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!4CUm3VHbp2eO8zz-iqQs-CRbN5QXMmbP5hCf54RPoQaUg= 2fX7_B0T69JzXePtJCSfYDZOvjQXHU45DO1_ExR7dKcoiw$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 13 18:21:23 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 131821
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    221 PM EDT Fri Mar 13 2026

    Valid 12Z Fri Mar 13 2026 - 12Z Mon Mar 16 2026

    ...Northern High Plains through the Upper Midwest...
    Days 1-3...

    ...Blizzard likely this weekend with widespread major impacts and record-breaking snowfall for portions of the Upper Midwest and=20
    Great Lakes...

    Guidance is consolidating around a rapidly strengthening low which
    will develop in the lee of the Rockies Saturday and then track=20
    east through Sunday to the Mississippi Valley, then turn northeast=20
    Monday before occluding and then exiting. While the primary low is
    going to be the one that brings the most substantial impacts, this
    system will, in reality, driven by two distinct surface lows=20
    embedded within the amplifying mid-level pattern and accompanying=20
    coupled jet streaks.

    The event really has already begun across the High Plains of
    Montana as moisture streaming onshore within an impressive IVT=20
    plume (atmospheric river) continues to push well inland leading to=20
    a surge in PW/column moisture across the northern Plains. The=20
    accompanying upper jet streak arcing zonally across the region=20
    working in tandem with a surface stationary front will cause=20
    snowfall to continue to spread ESE-ward. Overall ascent during D1=20
    across this area appears modest as noted by omega fields and=20
    regional soundings, but the impressive PW anomalies (nearing +2=20
    sigma) will support periods of moderate snowfall from MT through=20
    parts of SD. The heaviest accumulations are likely in the higher=20
    terrain, with otherwise modest accumulations expected D1. Where the
    heaviest snow occurs, generally just east of the Continental=20
    Divide, WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at least 4 inches of=20
    snow for much of central and southern MT, with locally more than 8=20
    inches possible in the Little Belt range.

    The more significant portion of this event begins Saturday as lee=20 cyclogenesis begins in more impressive fashion east of CO/WY. A=20
    shortwave digging onshore the British Columbia coast tonight will=20
    begin to amplify as it digs into the Central Rockies Saturday=20
    night. The rapid amplification of this shortwave will drive=20
    impressive height falls downstream, with impressive jet streak=20 intensification occurring as a result. The overlap of height falls=20
    with this jet development will lead to a rapidly deepening surface=20
    low tracking from CO to IA before 12Z Sunday. As the jet begins to=20
    kink southward, it will continue to produce heavy snow, with an=20
    expansion across MT due to mid-level divergence downstream of the=20 approaching shortwave. At this time the snowfall rates should=20
    become more intense through 00Z/Sun across MT, with additional=20
    snowfall of 4+ inches possible (50-70%) for much of the eastern=20
    half of the state.

    After 00Z Sunday is when this event truly becomes a major winter
    event with widespread considerable impacts. As the surface low
    continues east from the Central Plains it will encounter dual=20
    moisture streams, one from the decaying AR pushing east, and a=20
    second as the theta-e ridge begins to arc northward on intensifying WAA/southerly flow out of the Gulf. The overlap of robust deep=20
    layer ascent with maximizing moisture return will deepen the low=20 substantially, and help expand a considerable precipitation shield,
    with heavy snow arcing from SD through the Great Lakes by Sunday
    morning, and then slowly pivoting northeast while continuing=20
    through D3 as the surface low moves into Ontario by 00Z/Tuesday.

    The synoptic setup is extremely favorable for a classic Midwest
    winter storm with widespread intense snowfall. Embedded bands=20
    with snowfall rates of 1-3"/hr are expected as reflected by high=20
    potential for CSI and even CI in model cross-sections Sunday aftn=20
    into Monday which drives intense omega into the TROWAL. Although=20
    guidance has trended north, there is high confidence in a=20
    laterally translating band of heavy snow from SD into MN Sunday=20
    morning, with the environment transiting into one that matches the=20 conceptual model for a pivoting band over eastern MN and WI Sunday=20
    evening into Monday, It is in this area where the heaviest snowfall
    is expected, and potentially record, or near- record 2-day=20
    snowfall is possible from eastern MN through WI and northern MI.=20
    Elsewhere, snowfall rates of 1"/hr or more are still likely at=20
    times, just with lesser duration. These snowfall rates combined=20
    with gusty winds reaching up to 60 mph will create blizzard and=20
    near- blizzard conditions and whiteouts, with major to extreme=20
    impacts progged by the recent WSSI-P. Even in areas that get lower=20
    snow totals, the blowing snow potential will still result in=20
    difficult travel, and it is likely that most forms of=20
    transportation will be treacherous at best, and impossible at=20
    worst, through the event across a large area from Montana to
    Michigan, and everywhere in between.

    2-day WPC probabilities ending 12Z Monday are impressive, and
    suggest a high likelihood (>70%) for at least 12 inches from the
    Buffalo Ridge eastward through the Twin Cities, across much of WI,
    and through all of the U.P. of MI. Within this axis, WPC
    probabilities for at least 24" are already above 50%, and some
    locations may approach 3 feet before the event winds down Tuesday.
    Outside of this axis of heaviest snow, a broad swath of at least 6
    inches is likely (>70%) from far western SD through central IA and
    northeast into central MI. Similarly impressive, the 07Z NBM 5%
    probabilities (meaning a 95% chance of seeing more), show amounts
    over a foot from Central Wisconsin around Wausau east to north of
    Green Bay, along the north shore of Lake Michigan over to the=20
    Straits of Mackinac.

    Finally, on the S/SE side of this snowfall swath, an axis of mixed precipitation is likely, leading to icing accretion from central IA
    through southeast WI and into lower MI. The most significant icing
    is expected for lower MI where WPC probabilities for at least 0.25"
    of ice are between 30-50%.

    This storm could result in record snowfall in some places, and=20
    with SLRs being slightly below climo, combined with the strong=20
    winds, power outages and long-lasting impacts are expected. For=20
    these reasons, Winter storm key messages are in effect, and are=20
    linked below (Key Message 1).


    ...Cascades Through The Northern Rockies...=20
    Day 1...

    ...Washington Cascades Major Winter Storm continues today...

    An atmospheric river (AR) will wane tonight as an area of IVT with
    around 500 kg/m/s continues to advect inland into the Pacific
    Northwest and weakens. This AR will sink south into Oregon and
    weaken overnight. Associated moisture already inland over the=20
    Northern Rockies will continue the heavy snow into tonight,
    tapering off from west to east.

    There is high confidence in heavy snow tonight across the Northern
    Rockies before precipitation wanes on Saturday with much lighter=20
    snow. The more challenging aspect is what will happen with snow=20
    levels across the region. As a surface cold front digs south in=20
    conjunction with an upper level shortwave, snow levels will crash=20
    across the Oregon Cascades and Idaho Panhandle, but with much=20
    lighter precipitation during that transition in Oregon. In Idaho
    and points south and east, the moisture will be slower to exit (as
    there will be more of it as remnants of the A.R. This suggests=20
    that considerable impacts will continue at the higher elevations of
    the Northern Rockies, with lesser snowfall and impacts expected=20
    across the Oregon Cascades.

    This is reflected by WPC probabilities that show at least 4 inches
    of additional snowfall D1 in the Blue Mountains, the Bitterroots,=20
    the higher elevations of NW WY near Yellowstone NP, and the=20
    Sawtooth/Salmon River ranges. By Saturday, snowfall persisting=20
    across the Cascades wanes rapidly leaving just light additional=20 accumulations, but heavy snow will continue across the Wind Rivers,
    Absarokas, Tetons, Big Horns, and other neighboring terrain where=20
    WPC probabilities predict a high risk (>70%) for 8+ inches of snow.


    ...Great Lakes into the Northeast...
    Day 1...

    Intense but compact low pressure will continue crossing the Great=20
    Lakes into the Northeast tonight and Saturday, bringing blizzard=20
    and near-blizzard conditions to many areas. This low is being=20
    driven by a potent but progressive shortwave which is progged to=20
    continue driving northeast off the coast of Maine by Saturday
    afternoon. The accompanying surface low over MI will picks up=20
    speed and race east into New England Saturday before exiting into=20
    the Canadian Maritimes.

    As the low moves into the Northeast tonight, resurgence of WAA=20
    will expand precipitation into New England, and a secondary low may
    develop near the coast of ME Saturday morning. Total forcing for=20
    ascent and available moisture will likely be less than areas=20
    upstream (in the Great Lakes), but periods of heavy snow both=20
    within WAA and along an inverted trough/occluded front upstream=20
    from the secondary low pressure will result in areas of heavy=20
    snowfall with rates again potentially reaching 1"/hr. WPC=20
    probabilities across the Northeast are as high as 80% for 4+ inches
    in the Tug Hill and southern Adirondacks, with probabilities=20
    reaching 40-60% for the Chautauqua Ridge, and parts of the higher=20
    terrain of VT/NH/ME. A local maxima is also possible along the=20
    coast and interior mountains of ME where onshore flow ahead of the
    secondary low pressure advects higher moisture onshore.

    Wegman/Weiss


    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect for the blizzard into
    the upper Midwest and Great Lakes this weekend through Monday.=20
    Please see current Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!_NSB2DTD1F6imMymt-Wtj7XgWd7Pbh0hsQzO2XVi3KNqk= 7rI7-GBiAMUd83G1GtCUJp3CRKMXwQzEqolYjJXAQXfpe4$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 14 07:28:40 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 140728
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    328 AM EDT Sat Mar 14 2026

    Valid 12Z Sat Mar 14 2026 - 12Z Tue Mar 17 2026

    ...Northern High Plains through the Great Lakes...=20
    Days 1-3...

    ...Blizzard likely this weekend with widespread major impacts and record-breaking snowfall for portions of the Upper Midwest and=20
    Great Lakes...

    Confidence continues to be high in a widespread major winter storm
    from the Northern Plains through the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes
    as a lee surface low lifts northeast and rapidly deepens into an
    increasingly moist column. While it is this lee cyclone that will
    be responsible for the most significant impacts, this event is
    really two-pronged with the first event already ongoing across the
    Northern High Plains.

    Across the High Plains of Montana, moisture continues to stream
    onshore within an impressive IVT plume (atmospheric river)=20
    pushing well inland leading to a surge in PW/column moisture=20
    across the northern Plains. The accompanying upper jet streak=20
    arcing zonally across the region working in tandem with a surface=20
    stationary front will cause snowfall to continue to spread ESE-=20
    ward. Overall ascent during D1 across this area appears modest as=20
    noted by omega fields and regional soundings, but the impressive PW
    anomalies (nearing +2 sigma) will support periods of moderate=20
    snowfall from MT through parts of SD. The heaviest accumulations=20
    are likely in the higher terrain, with lower accumulations expected
    elsewhere across the High Plains today. Where the heaviest snow=20
    occurs, generally just east of the Continental Divide, WPC
    probabilities are high (>70%) for at least an additional 4" of
    snowfall through tonight, with more than 8" possible in the higher
    elevations around the Little Belts.

    The more significant portion of this event begins this afternoon=20
    as lee cyclogenesis begins in more impressive fashion east of=20
    CO/WY. A shortwave digging onshore the British Columbia coast=20
    tonight will begin to amplify as it digs into the Central Rockies=20
    Saturday night. The rapid amplification of this shortwave will=20
    drive impressive height falls downstream, with impressive jet=20
    streak intensification occurring as a result. The overlap of height
    falls with this jet development will lead to a rapidly deepening=20
    surface low tracking from CO to IA before 12Z Sunday.=20

    After 00Z Sunday is when this event truly becomes a major winter
    event with widespread considerable impacts. As the surface low
    continues east from the Central Plains it will encounter dual=20
    moisture streams, one from the decaying AR pushing east, and a=20
    second as the theta-e ridge begins to arc northward on intensifying WAA/southerly flow out of the Gulf. The overlap of robust deep=20
    layer ascent with maximizing moisture return will deepen the low=20 substantially, and help expand a considerable precipitation shield,
    with heavy snow arcing from SD through the Great Lakes by Sunday
    morning, and then slowly pivoting northeast while continuing=20
    through D3 as the surface low moves into Ontario by 00Z/Tuesday.

    The synoptic setup is extremely favorable for a classic Midwest
    winter storm with widespread intense snowfall. Embedded bands=20
    with snowfall rates of 1-3"/hr are expected as reflected by high=20
    potential for CSI and even CI in model cross-sections Sunday aftn=20
    into Monday which drives intense omega into the TROWAL. Although=20
    guidance has continued to trend north, there is high confidence in
    a laterally translating band of heavy snow from SD into MN Sunday=20
    morning, with the environment transiting into one that matches the=20 conceptual model for a pivoting band over eastern MN and WI Sunday=20
    evening into Monday, It is in this area where the heaviest snowfall
    is expected, and potentially record, or near-record 2-day snowfall
    is possible from eastern MN through WI and northern MI. Elsewhere,
    snowfall rates of 1"/hr or more are still likely at times, just=20
    with lesser duration. These snowfall rates combined with gusty=20
    winds reaching up to 60 mph will create blizzard and near-blizzard
    conditions and whiteouts, with major to extreme impacts progged by
    the recent WSSI-P. Even in areas that get lower snow totals, the=20
    blowing snow potential will still result in difficult travel, and=20
    it is likely that most forms of transportation will be treacherous=20
    at best, and impossible at worst, through the event across a large=20
    area from Montana to Michigan, and everywhere in between.

    Event-total snowfall is likely to be extreme in some areas. This is
    reflected by 72-hr WPC probabilities (ending 12Z Tuesday) that are
    high (>70%) for at least 12" from the Coteau des Prairies of SD
    eastward through the Twin Cities, across much of north-central WI,
    and the entirety of the U.P. of MI. Where snowfall is most
    prolific, likely in northern WI and the U.P of MI, WPC
    probabilities indicate a 70-90+% chance of at least 24", and
    localized totals of 3-4 feet are possible before this event ends.=20
    This could result in record snowfall in some places, and with SLRs
    being slightly below climo, combined with the strong winds, power=20
    outages and long-lasting impacts are expected. For these reasons,=20
    Winter storm key messages are in effect, and are linked below (Key=20
    Message 1).

    On the S/SE side of this snowfall swath, an axis of mixed=20
    precipitation is likely, leading to icing accretion from central IA
    through southeast WI and into lower MI. The most significant icing
    is expected for lower MI where WPC probabilities for at least=20
    0.25" of ice have climbed to over 50%, and the axis of higher
    probabilities for at least 0.10" of ice have extended back into SE
    WI.

    As this system finally departs late D3, pronounced CAA on NW flow
    in its wake could result in some lake effect snow in the favored NW
    snow belts downstream of all the Great Lakes. WPC probabilities are
    moderate (50%) for at least 4" of snow from LES in SW MI, as well
    as along the Chautauqua Ridge and into the Tug Hill Plateau.
    Additional heavy snow will occur near Marquette, MI as well, adding
    onto the extreme snowfall event there the next few days.


    ...Cascades, Northern & Central Rockies...=20
    Day 1...

    The persistent atmospheric river (AR) which has plagued the Pacific
    and Interior Northwest the past several days will finally come to=20
    an end Saturday as the IVT plume weakens and sinks southward into
    CA. This will be the result of the intensifying shortwave diving
    out of British Columbia and pushing a surface low pressure east,
    which will then trail its accompanying cold front southward into
    the Great Basin. Much of of the available moisture will be focused
    ahead of this front, so as the front digs south, the moisture will
    follow, bringing a slow end to this impressive event. Strong
    ascent will continue, at least the first half of the period, into
    the Northern Rockies, with ascent expanding into the Central
    Rockies as well, and this is where the heaviest snowfall is
    expected before everything shifts into the middle of the country by
    D2. Additional snowfall in the Cascades is expected to be minimal,
    but WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at least 6 additional
    inches in the Absarokas, Tetons, and Wind Rivers, with locally more
    than 12 inches possible in the higher elevations.


    ...Northeast...=20
    Day 1...

    The intense and compact low pressure over the Great Lakes tonight
    will eject eastward with secondary cyclogenesis expected along the
    coast of Maine Saturday morning. Although this low will become=20
    dominant as it pivots into the Canadian Maritimes, an elongated=20
    inverted trough extending west from this low will maintain ascent=20
    across the Northeast much of Saturday.

    Continued impressive WAA/theta-e advection into ME will manifest as
    periods of heavy snow across that state, especially just northeast
    of the surface low and up along the eastern half of the state.=20
    This is where the heaviest snow rates are expected, and may exceed=20
    1"/hr as suggested by HREF probabilities surpassing 70% across=20
    eastern Maine. Here, WPC probabilities indicate a 50-90% chance of
    4+ inches of snow today.
    =20
    Farther west, NW flow along and behind the residual inverted trough
    will leave periods of light to moderate snow across the interior=20
    northeast, with local snowfall maxima occurring in favored upslope=20
    terrain and across the Tug Hill Plateau where some lake enhancement
    off Lake Ontario is expected. Snowfall inland may be less than
    along the coast, but WPC probabilities indicate around a 70% chance
    of 4+" of snow, highest across the Tug Hill Plateau and Green
    Mountains of VT, before the system exits and snow ends by Sunday=20
    morning.


    Weiss



    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect. Please see current=20
    Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!7M5ro4GT31sY3zKNuesvKLtIgiKZkjMEGn_kmMJwtIprZ= a6Uy7J48cciO8XAeFRYymT66kYFHU9djMdFC8k1wQNJfvE$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 14 19:48:12 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 141948
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    348 PM EDT Sat Mar 14 2026

    Valid 00Z Sun Mar 15 2026 - 00Z Wed Mar 18 2026

    ...Northern High Plains through the Great Lakes...=20
    Days 1-3...

    ...Blizzard expected this weekend with widespread major impacts=20
    and record-breaking snowfall for portions of the Upper Midwest and=20
    Great Lakes...

    Confidence continues to be high for a widespread major winter=20
    storm from the Northern Plains through the Upper Midwest and Great=20
    Lakes as a lee surface low lifts northeast and rapidly deepens into
    an increasingly moist column. While it is this lee cyclone that=20
    will be responsible for the most significant impacts, this event is
    really two-pronged with the first event already ongoing across the
    Northern High Plains.

    The more significant portion of this event has begun this=20
    afternoon as lee cyclogenesis begins in more impressive fashion=20
    east of CO/WY. A digging shortwave over Idaho, Montana, and=20
    Wyoming will drive impressive height falls downstream, with=20
    impressive jet streak intensification occurring as a result. The=20
    overlap of height falls with this jet development will lead to a=20
    rapidly deepening surface low tracking from CO to IA before 12Z=20
    Sunday.=20

    After 00Z Sunday is when this event truly becomes a major winter
    event with widespread considerable impacts. As the surface low
    continues east from the Central Plains it will encounter dual=20
    moisture streams, one from the decaying AR pushing east, and a=20
    second as the theta-e ridge begins to arc northward on intensifying WAA/southerly flow out of the Gulf. The overlap of robust deep=20
    layer ascent with maximizing moisture return will deepen the low=20 substantially, and help expand a considerable precipitation shield,
    with heavy snow arcing from SD through the Great Lakes by Sunday
    morning, and then slowly pivoting northeast while continuing=20
    through D3 as the surface low moves into Ontario by 00Z/Tuesday.

    The synoptic setup is extremely favorable for a classic Midwest
    winter storm with widespread intense snowfall. Embedded bands=20
    with snowfall rates of 1-3"/hr are expected as reflected by high=20
    potential for CSI and even CI in model cross-sections Sunday aftn=20
    into Monday which drives intense omega into the TROWAL. Although=20
    guidance has continued to trend north, there is high confidence in
    a laterally translating band of heavy snow from SD into MN Sunday=20
    morning, with the environment transiting into one that matches the=20 conceptual model for a pivoting band over eastern MN and WI Sunday=20
    evening into Monday, It is in this area where the heaviest snowfall
    is expected, and potentially record, or near-record 2-day snowfall
    is possible from eastern MN through WI and northern MI. Elsewhere,
    snowfall rates of 1"/hr or more are still likely at times, just=20
    with lesser duration. These snowfall rates combined with gusty=20
    winds reaching up to 60 mph will create blizzard and near-blizzard
    conditions and whiteouts, with major to extreme impacts progged by
    the recent WSSI-P. Even in areas that get lower snow totals, the=20
    blowing snow potential will still result in difficult travel, and=20
    it is likely that most forms of transportation will be treacherous=20
    at best, and impossible at worst, through the event across a large=20
    area from Montana to Michigan, and everywhere in between.

    Event-total snowfall is likely to be extreme in some areas. This is
    reflected by 72-hr WPC probabilities (ending 12Z Tuesday) that are
    high (>70%) for at least 12" from the Coteau des Prairies of SD
    eastward through the Twin Cities, across much of north-central WI,
    and the entirety of the U.P. of MI. Where snowfall is most
    prolific, likely in northern WI and the U.P of MI, WPC
    probabilities indicate a 70-90+% chance of at least 24", and
    localized totals of 3-4 feet are possible before this event ends.=20
    This could result in record snowfall in some places, and with SLRs
    being slightly below climo, combined with the strong winds, power=20
    outages and long-lasting impacts are expected. For these reasons,=20
    Winter storm key messages are in effect, and are linked below (Key=20
    Message 1).

    After 00Z Tuesday, snowfall rates will be waning rapidly in direct
    association with the storm, transitioning more and more to lake-
    effect snows downwind of all of the lakes. Pronounced CAA on NW=20
    flow in its wake could result in some lake effect snow in the=20
    favored NW snow belts downstream of all the Great Lakes. WPC=20
    probabilities are moderate (50%) for at least 4" of snow from LES=20
    in SW MI, as well as along the Chautauqua Ridge and into the Tug=20
    Hill Plateau. Additional heavy snow will occur near Marquette, MI=20
    as well, adding onto the extreme snowfall event there the next few=20
    days. The lake- effect will continue into Tuesday morning before=20
    largely dissipating.

    On the S/SE side of this snowfall swath, an axis of mixed=20
    precipitation is likely, leading to icing accretion from central IA
    through southeast WI and into lower MI. The most significant icing
    is expected for lower MI where WPC probabilities for at least=20
    0.25" of ice have climbed to near 60%, and the axis of higher=20
    probabilities for at least 0.10" of ice have extended back into SE=20
    MN.

    Wegman/Weiss


    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect. Please see current=20
    Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!7bG1910CLlgLJuzDPd_Vczrgw-IRTElc1yUV_8uBMMFVE= vbn7GQcCSQee7usdL_U3DMmDf_kaBI_viSxwjX0jWTvFfk$=20



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 15 08:01:44 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 150801
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    401 AM EDT Sun Mar 15 2026

    Valid 12Z Sun Mar 15 2026 - 12Z Wed Mar 18 2026

    ...Northern High Plains through the Great Lakes...=20
    Days 1-3...

    ...Blizzard expected this weekend with widespread major impacts=20
    and record-breaking snowfall for portions of the Upper Midwest and=20
    Great Lakes...

    Confidence continues to be high for a widespread major winter=20
    storm across the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes as a lee surface=20
    low lifts northeast and rapidly deepens into an increasingly moist=20
    column. Snowfall from Minnesota through Wisconsin and northern
    Michigan, including the U.P, will breach 12" in many locations with
    areas of northern WI into the U.P. likely to exceed 24" by the
    storms closure.

    Current WV satellite and UA analysis indicates a maturing synoptic
    evolution with a digging shortwave across WY and an attendant=20
    surface low currently analyzed over the western High Plains of=20
    Kansas. As the shortwave trough digs further to the southeast, flow
    will become increasingly meridional over the Central Plains to=20
    Mississippi Valley with the trough axis forecast to tilt neutral
    to eventually negative with the 5H height pattern expected to close
    off near or over IA by later this evening. Surface low will trek
    northeast over the course of Sunday, intensifying slowly as it
    migrates towards the southern edge of Lake Michigan by nightfall.
    As the upper pattern closes off and takes on the negative trough
    orientation, surface low will rapidly intensifying as it begins to
    enter into its full maturation phase as the primary heights from
    850mb to 500mb become more vertically stacked into Monday morning.
    The cyclone will finally reach occlusion phase by Monday afternoon,
    but surface low pressure will likely be down into the upper 970s by
    this juncture over the western Great Lakes, solidifying its
    presence with an all-out blizzard for a large chunk of the Midwest
    and Great Lakes region. Moisture convergence occurring during the=20
    storms life cycle emanating from the decaying AR pushing east, and
    a budding theta-e ridge arcing northward on intensifying=20
    WAA/southerly flow out of the Gulf will help provide substantial=20
    deep layer moisture poleward, as far north as the western Ontario=20
    Province in Canada, a testament to the overall fortitude of this=20 disturbance. The overlap of robust deep layer ascent with=20
    maximizing moisture return will deepen the low substantially, and=20
    aid in the expansion of a considerable precipitation shield, with=20
    heavy snow arcing from SD through the Great Lakes already as of the
    pre-dawn hours Sunday. Precip field will slowly pivot northeast=20
    while continuing through D2 as the surface low moves into Ontario=20
    by 00Z/Tuesday.

    Little change in the relevant synoptic details referenced in the=20
    last forecast as guidance remains steadfast in all facets of this=20
    storms anticipated evolution. The synoptic setup is extremely=20
    favorable for a classic Midwest winter storm with widespread=20
    intense snowfall. Embedded bands with snowfall rates of 1-3"/hr are
    expected as reflected by high potential for CSI and even CI in=20
    model cross- sections Sunday aftn into Monday which drives intense=20
    omega into the TROWAL. There remains high confidence in a laterally
    translating band of heavy snow from SD into MN Sunday morning,=20
    with the environment transiting into one that matches the=20
    conceptual model for a pivoting band over eastern MN and=20
    WI/Michigan U.P. Sunday evening into Monday. It is in this area=20
    where the heaviest snowfall is expected, and potentially record, or
    near- record 2-day snowfall is possible from eastern MN through WI
    and northern MI. Elsewhere, snowfall rates of 1"/hr or more are=20
    still likely at times, just with lesser duration. These snowfall=20
    rates combined with gusty winds reaching up to 60 mph will create=20
    blizzard and near-blizzard conditions and whiteouts, with major to=20
    extreme impacts progged by the recent WSSI-P. Even in areas that=20
    get lower snow totals, the blowing snow potential will still result
    in difficult travel, and it is likely that most forms of=20
    transportation will be treacherous at best, and impossible at=20
    worst, through the event across a large area from Montana to=20
    Michigan, and everywhere in between.

    Event-total snowfall is likely to be extreme in some areas. This is
    reflected by 72-hr WPC probabilities (ending 12Z Tuesday) that are
    high (>70%) for at least 12" from southeast MN to points northeast
    through north- central WI, and the entirety of the U.P. of MI.=20
    Where snowfall is most prolific, likely in northeastern WI and the
    U.P of MI, WPC probabilities indicate a 70-90+% chance of at least
    24", and localized totals of 3-4 feet are possible before this=20
    event ends with the maxima positioned across the Huron Mountains=20
    downwind of Lake Superior. This could result in record snowfall in=20
    some places, and with SLRs being near to slightly below climo,=20
    combined with the strong winds, power outages and long- lasting=20
    impacts are expected. For these reasons, Winter storm key messages=20
    are in effect, and are linked below (Key Message 1).

    After 00Z Tuesday, snowfall rates will be waning rapidly in direct
    association with the storm, transitioning more and more to lake-
    effect snows downwind of all of the lakes. Pronounced CAA on NW=20
    flow in its wake could result in some lake effect snow in the=20
    favored NW snow belts downstream of all the Great Lakes. WPC=20
    probabilities are moderate (50%) for at least 4" of snow from LES=20
    in SW MI, as well as along the Chautauqua Ridge and into the Tug=20
    Hill Plateau. Additional heavy snow will occur near Marquette, MI=20
    as well, adding onto the extreme snowfall event there the next few=20
    days bring storm and LES combination totals towards the 4-5ft range
    by Tuesday afternoon. The lake- effect will continue into Tuesday=20
    morning before largely dissipating.

    On the S/SE side of this snowfall swath, an axis of mixed=20
    precipitation is likely, leading to icing accretion from central IA
    through southern WI and into the northern mit in lower MI. The=20
    most significant icing is expected for the northern mit of MI=20
    where WPC probabilities for at least 0.25" of ice have settled=20
    between 40-70%, and the axis of higher probabilities for at least=20
    0.10" of ice have extended back into southern WI.


    ...Central Appalachians...

    Powerful cyclone over the Great Lakes will provide a strong cold
    front trailing the primary surface low as it migrates eastward
    through much of the country east of the Mississippi. Once the cold
    front advances beyond the Appalachian front, strong cold air
    advection (CAA) regime will transpire with rain changing to snow
    for the mountains of western PA down through western MD and the
    adjacent WV Highlands. Elevations >2000ft will see some snowfall
    with the greatest accums focused over areas >2500ft, a general
    climo output for this type of evolution. WPC probabilities for >4"
    of snowfall are between 20-40% for the entire Appalachian chain of
    western PA down through WV. Maxima of 40-60% is located over the
    Canaan Valley down into Snowshoe, WV where some deterministic
    output are printing out upwards of 6-8" of high ratio snowfall
    post-fropa. Setup and magnitude of the upslope flow is classic for
    this scenario allowing for growing confidence in at least minor
    impacts for the terrain of the Mid Atlantic.=20

    Weiss/Kleebauer



    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect. Please see current=20
    Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!5Mz4bRZVZZ9RVDTb1sBqsu4WHXcb-lCcyrgMk_jU8_b5T= PaB831GnEHgCTyaR_6m85bP8GQekWHF3E-8MTlD2oSyFkY$=20



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 15 18:06:23 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 151805
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    205 PM EDT Sun Mar 15 2026

    Valid 00Z Mon Mar 16 2026 - 00Z Thu Mar 19 2026

    ...Upper Mississippi Valley through the Great Lakes...=20
    Days 1-3...

    ...Historic blizzard ongoing through Monday with widespread major=20
    impacts and record-breaking snowfall for portions of the Upper=20
    Midwest and Great Lakes...

    Confidence continues to be high for a widespread major winter=20
    storm across the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes as a lee surface=20
    low lifts northeast and rapidly deepens into an increasingly moist=20
    column. Snowfall from Minnesota through Wisconsin and northern
    Michigan, including the U.P, will breach 12" in many locations with
    areas of northern WI into the U.P. likely to reach 2-4 feet of
    accumulation through Monday night.

    A rapidly developing surface low, currently centered near the Quad
    Cities of Iowa/Illinois, is being supported both by a digging=20
    upper level trough to its west over Nebraska and Kansas and the=20
    RER of a 160 kt jet streak to its north and east. A couple of lines
    of showers and storms are moving across Iowa and eastern Illinois,
    supported by a southwesterly low level jet, pumping in Gulf=20
    moisture and locally increasing both shear and unstable, warm air,
    feeding the storms. As the shortwave trough digs further to the=20
    southeast, flow will become increasingly meridional over the=20
    Central Plains to Mississippi Valley with the trough axis forecast=20
    to tilt neutral to eventually negative with the 500 mb height=20
    pattern expected to close off near or over IA by later this=20
    evening. Meanwhile, a maturing "comma-head" has emerged that is
    largely snow from Nebraska through the U.P. and into Ontario. There
    have already been reports of snow rates of 4 inches per hour, as
    several locations have eclipsed the 20 inch mark for accumulations
    into Minnesota and Wisconsin.=20


    The surface low center will track east into this evening,=20
    intensifying as it then turns northeast towards the Straits of
    Mackinac by Monday afternoon. As the upper pattern takes on the=20
    negative trough orientation, the surface low will rapidly=20
    intensify as it begins to enter into its full maturation phase.=20
    The primary heights from 850mb to 500mb become more vertically=20
    stacked into Monday morning. The cyclone will finally reach=20
    occlusion phase by Monday afternoon, but surface low pressure will=20
    likely be down into the upper 970s by this juncture over the=20
    western Great Lakes, solidifying its presence with an all-out=20
    blizzard for a large chunk of the Midwest and Great Lakes region.=20
    A classic comma-shaped storm will develop, with cold conveyor belt
    supplying ample Gulf moisture into some unusually cold air for this
    time of year on the north side of the storm. Thus, expect multiple
    bands of heavy snow to develop, which will likely remain nearly
    stationary as they pivot around the northeastward-tracking surface
    low. Where these stationary bands remain in place the longest is
    where the highest snow totals with this storm will be realized.

    There has been little change in the relevant synoptic details=20
    referenced in the last forecast as guidance remains steadfast in=20
    all facets of this storms anticipated evolution. The synoptic setup
    is extremely favorable for a classic Midwest winter storm with=20
    widespread intense snowfall. Embedded bands with snowfall rates of=20
    1-3"/hr are expected as reflected by high potential for CSI and=20
    even CI in model cross- sections Sunday aftn into Monday which=20
    drives intense omega into the TROWAL. There remains high confidence
    in a pivoting band over eastern MN and WI/Michigan U.P. this=20
    evening into Monday. It is in this area where the heaviest snowfall
    is expected, and potentially record, or near- record 2-day=20
    snowfall is possible from eastern MN through WI and northern MI.=20

    Elsewhere, snowfall rates of 1"/hr or more are still likely at=20
    times, just with lesser duration. These snowfall rates combined=20
    with gusty winds reaching up to 60 mph will create blizzard and=20 near-blizzard conditions and whiteouts, with major to extreme=20
    impacts progged by the recent WSSI-P. Even in areas that get lower=20
    snow totals, the blowing snow potential will still result in=20
    difficult travel, and it is likely that most forms of=20
    transportation will be treacherous at best, and impossible at=20
    worst, through the event across a large area from Montana to=20
    Michigan, and everywhere in between.

    Event-total snowfall is likely to be extreme in some areas. This is
    reflected by 72-hr WPC probabilities (ending 00Z Wednesday) that=20
    are high (>70%) for at least 12" from southeast MN to points=20
    northeast through north- central WI, and the entirety of the U.P.=20
    of MI. Where snowfall is most prolific, likely in northeastern WI=20
    and the U.P of MI, WPC probabilities indicate a 70-90+% chance of=20
    at least 24", and localized totals of 3-4 feet are possible before=20
    this event ends with the maxima positioned across the Huron=20
    Mountains downwind of Lake Superior. This could result in record=20
    snowfall in some places, and with SLRs being near to slightly below
    climo, combined with the strong winds, power outages and long-=20
    lasting impacts are expected. For these reasons, Winter storm key=20
    messages are in effect, and are linked below (Key Message 1).

    After 00Z Tuesday, snowfall rates will be waning rapidly in direct
    association with the storm, transitioning more and more to lake-
    effect snows downwind of all of the lakes. Pronounced CAA on NW=20
    flow in its wake could result in some lake effect snow in the=20
    favored NW snow belts downstream of all the Great Lakes. WPC=20
    probabilities are moderate (50%) for at least 4" of snow from LES=20
    in SW MI, as well as along the Chautauqua Ridge and into the Tug=20
    Hill Plateau. Additional heavy snow will occur near Marquette, MI=20
    as well, adding onto the extreme snowfall event there the next few=20
    days bring storm and LES combination totals towards the 4-5ft range
    by Tuesday afternoon. The lake- effect will continue into Tuesday=20
    morning before largely dissipating.

    On the S/SE side of this snowfall swath, an axis of mixed=20
    precipitation is likely, leading to icing accretion from central IA
    through southern WI and into the northern mit in lower MI. The=20
    most significant icing is expected for the northern mitt of MI=20
    where WPC probabilities for at least 0.25" of ice have settled=20
    between 40-70%, and the axis of higher probabilities for at least=20
    0.10" of ice have extended back into southern WI.

    ...Post-storm lake-effect...

    Behind the storm, a very cold air mass, characterized by 850 mb
    temperatures within a couple degrees on either side of -20C, will
    plunge across all of the Great Lakes for the Days 2 and 3 periods
    from Monday night through Tuesday night. Widespread multi-bands are
    expected along the long axis of all of the upper Great Lakes, while
    the lake-effect will eventually congeal into single bands downwind
    of the lower lakes, especially Ontario. Fortunately, as far as
    lake-effect snowstorms go, this will be relatively short-lived,
    with the lake-effect ending on the upper lakes by late in the day
    Tuesday and on the lower lakes by Wednesday morning as 850 mb
    temperatures warm sufficiently to end the lake-effect. WPC
    probabilities for 4 inches of snow are high (>70%) for the
    southwest corner of Michigan, the Chautauqua Ridge of far western
    New York, and east of Lake Ontario. The Tug Hill region
    probabiliites are over 90% for 4 inches of snow.=20


    ...Central Appalachians...
    Day 2...


    A powerful cyclone over the Great Lakes will send a strong cold=20
    front eastward through much of the country east of the=20
    Mississippi. Once the cold front advances beyond the spine of the=20 Appalachians, a strong cold air advection (CAA) regime will=20
    transpire with rain changing to snow for the mountains of western=20
    PA down through western MD and the adjacent WV Highlands.=20
    Elevations >2000ft will see some snowfall with the greatest accums=20
    focused over areas >2500ft, a general climo output for this type of
    evolution. WPC probabilities for >4" of snowfall are between=20
    moderate to high (60-80%) from far western Maryland through WV. The
    setup and magnitude of the upslope flow is classic for this=20
    scenario allowing for growing confidence in at least minor impacts=20
    for the terrain of the Mid Atlantic.=20

    Wegman


    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect. Please see current=20
    Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!45USA_IH1VuxZq-iR1wGBLb2UqxgKNGXwDaXY8HsLLdoc= ugqTPlMIEddpP2rq7Lan9MbfZYOMPfUTxvjUyNQxrWTiH0$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 16 07:04:21 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 160704
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    304 AM EDT Mon Mar 16 2026

    Valid 12Z Mon Mar 16 2026 - 12Z Thu Mar 19 2026

    ...Upper Midwest through the Great Lakes...=20
    Days 1-3...

    ...Historic blizzard continues today...

    The historic blizzard which has been plaguing the Northern Plains
    and Upper Midwest will continue in earnest today across the Great
    Lakes. The strong surface low driving this impressive event will
    steadily advect northeast today after a brief stall this morning
    over Michigan during occlusion, leading to continued heavy snow
    from northern IL through the U.P. of MI. The low is expected to
    pull away well into Canada by 12Z/Tuesday, bringing a slow end to
    the blizzard.

    The heaviest additional snowfall is expected from southern WI
    through the U.P. of MI where snowfall rates above 1"/hr may (60-80%
    chance) continue through evening, with the heaviest snowfall
    expected in the higher terrain of the U.P. near the Huron
    Mountains. The most widespread heavy synoptic snow will wane after
    00Z/Tuesday, but before this occurs, the combination of these=20
    intense snowfall rates and gusty winds of up to 50 mph will
    continue blizzard conditions. The heaviest snowfall swath D1 is=20
    likely within the impressive deformation axis which will be
    pivoting west of the surface low as it lifts north, and this
    deformation is progged to dig as far south as IL/IA Monday morning.
    This will bring periods of heavy snow and gusty winds with near-
    blizzard conditions even south of the heaviest snow. However,
    WPC probabilities indicate the heaviest snow is likely for northern
    WI, including the Door Peninsula, into the U.P. of MI where they
    reach 50-90% for an additional 6+ inches of snow today, with
    locally more than 12 inches possible across the U.P. thanks to lake
    effect snow contribution (more on that below).

    The ongoing key messages for this historic blizzard remain, and are
    linked below (Key Message 1).

    As the low pulls away late D1 into D2, the heavy synoptic snow will
    draw to an end, but impressive NW winds and CAA in its wake will
    bring a period of widespread lake effect snow (LES) to the Great=20
    Lakes. Although the lake temperatures are cold, below +5C, and=20
    there is considerable ice cover according to GLERL, 850mb temps=20
    crashing to around -20C will create steep lapse rates and=20
    impressive inversion heights with pronounced omega into the near-=20
    surface DGZ. This should be more than sufficient to support heavy=20
    LES, with rates above 1"/hr (30-60% chance). While the duration of
    heavy LES may be somewhat limited as winds begin to weaken and veer
    as the low pulls away, there is sufficient time for locally heavy
    accumulations in the favored NW snow belts. WPC probabilities for
    LES are high D1 (>70%) for 4+ inches in the NW L.P. of MI near
    Traverse City, the far SW portions of the L.P. of MI, and greater
    than 50% along the Chautauqua Ridge and the Tug Hill Plateau. LES
    wanes in coverage D2 but persists heavily east of Lake Ontario
    where probabilities remain elevated (50-90%) for an additional 4+
    inches through Tuesday night.


    ...Central Appalachians & Mid-Atlantic states...
    Days 1-2...

    The strong low pressure /blizzard/ over the Great Lakes will
    steadily move northeast into Canada today, while the parent upper
    trough amplifies into the Tennessee Valley and takes on a negative
    tilt. This will push a powerful arctic cold front eastward across
    the Ohio Valley, Central Appalachians, and Mid-Atlantic states
    today. As this front races east, temperatures will plummet on
    strong CAA, while mid and upper level flow remains southerly in
    response to the strongly tilted and digging upper trough. This will
    likely result in precipitation changing over to snow before ending
    in most areas.=20

    While most of this snow will just be conversational, in the colder
    climates of the higher elevations of the Central Appalachians, this
    may result in a two-pronged event consisting of heavy snow. The
    first will be directly behind the front as p-type changes rapidly
    from rain to snow, leading to a brief period of snowfall rates
    exceeding 1"/hr (40-60% chance) from the Central Appalachians=20
    through the Laurel Highlands and into the Finger Lakes region of=20
    NY. During this time, however, snowfall accumulations will be=20
    modest at just a few inches at most. However, in the wake of this=20
    front, the increasing CAA on NW flow will drive potent upslope=20
    ascent into the Central Appalachians Monday night through Tuesday=20
    aftn. Although the column is dry aloft, the DGZ will lower to near=20
    the surface, leading to favorable ascent due to the upslope to=20
    maximize snow growth. This should cause accumulating snowfall in=20
    the higher elevations of WV, where WPC probabilities peak above 50%
    for 6+ inches of snowfall.

    Finally, as the trailing vorticity maxima and secondary shortwave
    embedded within the trough finally kicks east Tuesday aftn/eve,
    convective snow showers and isolated snow squalls could develop=20
    across this area. Additional snowfall accumulations will be light=20
    with any of these convective elements, but briefly heavy snow rates
    and gusty winds could cause local travel impacts.


    Weiss


    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect. Please see current=20
    Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!-YEUl4DZ-_f4nBc_zlclvHZTEy2Prhp8OA7kp4NGWeHQ-= gEPJE_lo4KVd8ZWt9WZjMW1K3N4Q5A2j5ulJY71QtZO72E$=20



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 16 18:22:27 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 161822
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    222 PM EDT Mon Mar 16 2026

    Valid 00Z Tue Mar 17 2026 - 00Z Fri Mar 20 2026

    ...Great Lakes...
    Days 1-2...

    ...Blizzard conditions to persist through this evening in the
    Northern Great Lakes...

    As this historic winter storm races north and east into eastern=20
    Canada tonight, potent NW winds and CAA in its wake will produce=20
    widespread lake effect snow (LES) over the Great Lakes. Although=20
    lake temperatures are cold and somewhat ice covered, according to=20
    GLERL, 850mb temps crashing to as low as -20C will foster steep=20
    lapse rates and sufficiently saturated profiles within the DGZ=20
    aloft. The result will be LES snow bands with rates above 1"/hr=20
    (40-70% chance) tonight and into Tuesday morning. Winds should=20
    begin to lessen on Tuesday as high pressure builds in from the=20
    west, but prolonged cyclonic flow will fuel rounds of moderate-to-=20
    heavy snow in the favored snow belts east of Lakes Erie and
    Ontario. LES bands should finally taper off by Tuesday night.

    WPC probabilities for LES are moderate-to-high D1 (50-70) for 4+=20
    inches in the northwest portion of Michigan's Mitten near Traverse=20
    City, along the eastern U.P., and in the southwest L.P.. Farther=20
    east, probabilities around 50% for snowfall >4" are located along=20
    the Chautauqua Ridge and the Tug Hill Plateau. The Tug Hill on
    south closer to Oswego, NY could see locally heavy totals with
    low-to-moderate chances (30-50%) for snowfall totals over 12=20
    inches possible.=20


    ...Central Appalachians & Interior Northeast...
    Days 1-2...

    A powerful arctic front will race through the Northeast and Mid-
    Atlantic by this evening. In wake of this FROPA, temperatures will
    plummet due to strong CAA, while mid and upper level flow remains=20
    southerly in response to the strongly tilted and digging upper=20
    trough. Combined with upslope enhancement, this will cause=20
    precipitation to rapidly transition to snow from the Central=20
    Appalachians and Laurel Highlands to the Finger Lakes of NY and the Catskills/Adirondacks.

    While most of this snow will just be conversational at lower
    elevations, in the higher elevations of the Central Appalachians,=20
    a two-part event supporting of heavy snow is anticipated. The=20
    first will be directly behind the front as p-type changes rapidly=20
    from rain to snow, leading to a brief period of snowfall rates=20
    surpassing 1"/hr (40-60% chance) from the Central Appalachians=20
    through the Laurel Highlands and into the Finger Lakes region of=20
    NY. This first round of snowfall accumulations will be modest,
    generally in the 1-3" initially. However, behind the front, the=20
    increasing CAA via NW flow will foster healthy upslope ascent into
    the Central Appalachians tonight through Tuesday. Typically favored
    areas along the Potomac Highlands and Alleghenies above 2,000ft
    will be favored for long snow durations, and thus higher totals.=20
    WPC probabilities peak above 50% for 6+ inches of snowfall.

    In addition, as the trailing vorticity maxima and secondary=20
    shortwave embedded within the trough over the OH Valley moves east
    Tuesday afternoon, convective snow showers and isolated snow=20
    squalls could develop across this area. Areas from the southern
    tier of NY, western and central PA, and on south to the Central
    Appalachians would be the most likely areas to contend with any
    potential snow squalls. Additional snowfall accumulations will be=20
    light with any of these convective elements, but briefly heavy snow
    rates and gusty winds could cause local travel impacts due to rapid
    reductions in visibility.


    Weiss/Mullinax



    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect. Please see current=20
    Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!_PBmGNDDtPkqf99AfBb9zAW0sYahBWciDI3fczJK8meXB= oxjP-bprusGbhxlHvC5KcNZELrZF-Wv5J8glSkQJf207U4$=20



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 17 06:25:07 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 170624
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    224 AM EDT Tue Mar 17 2026

    Valid 12Z Tue Mar 17 2026 - 12Z Fri Mar 20 2026

    ...Great Lakes southeast through the Mid-Atlantic...
    Day 1...

    Strong low pressure which produced the blizzard over the Upper
    Midwest/Western Great Lakes will be well northeast into Canada this
    morning, while its trailing arctic cold front will be positioned
    just off the Atlantic Seaboard to start the period. Behind this low
    and the associated front, strong CAA on NW winds will be widespread
    across the Great Lakes, Central Appalachians, and Mid-Atlantic
    States, while a lagging but potent upper trough swings through the
    Ohio Valley. The overlap of this upper trough and the post-frontal
    NW flow will result in 3 areas of moderate to heavy snowfall today.

    1) Great Lakes: CAA on the NW cyclonic flow will drop 850mb temps
    to as low as -20C (or slightly colder). This cold air moving across
    the lakes will lead to very steep lapse rates and rising inversion
    depths despite lake surface temperatures that are generally +5C or
    less according to GLERL. This will support efficient lake effect
    snow (LES) in the favored W/NW snow belts, and although the
    duration of any single bands may be modest due to the movement of
    the mid- level trough, heavy snow rates in excess of 1"/hr are
    possible (30-50%) within any LES bands. The heaviest accumulations
    are likely across the Tug Hill Plateau and then down towards
    Syracuse, where WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at least 4
    inches of snow, with locally more than 8 inches possible.

    2) Central Appalachians: The persistent NW flow will generally
    result in a drying column across the area. However, as the mid-
    level trough swings overhead, it will briefly provide some
    additional synoptic ascent through height falls/PVA, overlapping
    favorable upslope flow into the terrain to produce periods of
    moderate to heavy snow. The nature of this snow may be more snow
    "showery" that continuous, limiting accumulations overall. However,
    snowfall rates may at times reach 1"/hr (10-30% chance) leading to
    locally as much as 4 inches of snow (10-30% chance) in the higher
    terrain of WV and into the Laurel Highlands of PA.

    3) Ohio Valley to the Mid-Atlantic: As the mid-level trough swings
    overhead this aftn/eve, it will likely encourage some bubbling of
    convective snow showers and isolated snow squalls across the
    region. Lapse rates become impressively steep beneath this trough,
    and there will be just enough moisture to generate numerous
    convective snow showers which will move rapidly east through the
    evening. The SnSq parameter is high for OH/WV/PA, and lesser due to
    drier air farther east. While snow squalls can't be ruled out,
    this is more likely to manifest as scattered to numerous convective snow showers across the area. Accumulation from these will be minimal,
    but brief heavy snow rates and gusty winds could cause rapid
    changes in visibility and hazardous driving later today.


    The probability for significant icing across the country is less
    than 10%.


    Weiss


    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 17 18:30:14 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 171830
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    230 PM EDT Tue Mar 17 2026

    Valid 00Z Wed Mar 18 2026 - 00Z Sat Mar 21 2026

    ...Upper Midwest to the Northeast...

    The CONUS continues to enter a notably more tranquil pattern
    regarding heavy snow following the departure of the historic mid-
    March blizzard. Widespread heavy snow (accumulations greater than 4
    inches) is not expected across the lower 48 through late Friday.

    However, the upper level pattern is forecast to remain amplified,
    with a strong ridge anchored over the western U.S., while a broad
    trough remains centered over the East. An amplified shortwave
    currently moving through the base of this eastern trough will lift
    out today, but the overall pattern will persist through the end of
    the week.

    Tonight into Wednesday, a low-amplitude shortwave sliding through
    the northern northern tier will trigger a round of warm advection precipitation. Expect a swath of light snow, with some freezing
    rain in spots, to develop from the upper Mississippi Valley to the
    western Great Lakes. WPC probabilities indicate minor impacts for
    most areas, with snow totals capped at 1-2 inches.

    Further downstream, lake effect snows will persist in the lee of
    Lake Ontario, with several more inches possible along a narrow
    band southeast of the lake before winds back to the south tomorrow.

    A more amplified shortwave is forecast to dive into the northern
    Great Lakes on Friday. However, accumulations are expected to
    light and largely confined to northern Michigan.

    The probability for significant icing across the country is less
    than 10%.

    Pereira

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 18 06:19:31 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 180619
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    219 AM EDT Wed Mar 18 2026

    Valid 12Z Wed Mar 18 2026 - 12Z Sat Mar 21 2026

    ...Upper Midwest to the Northeast...
    Days 1-2...

    Generally quiet winter weather encompasses the CONUS the next
    several days as flat and fast flow keep systems progressive and
    weak. Within this regime, multiple weak shortwaves traversing WNW
    to ESE from the Northern Plains into the Mid-Atlantic and New
    England will bring brief periods of light snow and mixed
    sleet/freezing rain. In general, this will produce only minor
    impacts and no significant snowfall. However, even light freezing
    rain can be problematic to travel, so although WPC probabilities
    for even 0.1" of ice are less than 5%, some light freezing rain
    above 0.01" is likely (>70%) D1 for Wisconsin and lower Michigan,
    and again D2 for far southern Michigan into Indiana/Ohio, which
    could create travel difficulties due to icy roads.

    Weiss


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 18 19:11:01 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 181910
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    310 PM EDT Wed Mar 18 2026

    Valid 00Z Thu Mar 19 2026 - 00Z Sun Mar 22 2026

    ...Upper Midwest to the Northeast...
    Days 1-3...

    A quiet pattern with respect to heavy snow and icing will continue,
    with widespread heavy snow or significant icing not expected across
    the contiguous U.S. through the end of the week.

    Precipitation associated with a low-amplitude shortwave sliding
    southeast across the Upper Midwest is expected to produce some
    minor ice accumulations tonight from northern Wisconsin southeast
    into southern Michigan and far northern Indiana.

    Meanwhile, a more amplified shortwave to the north will spread
    light snow from far northern Michigan to Upstate NY and northern
    New England as it swings across southeastern Canada on Thursday.

    A second shortwave will amplify over the northern Great Lakes on
    Friday and move east across the Northeast on Saturday, bringing
    additional light snow accumulations to the same regions. Apart
    from some localized heavier amounts in the higher reaches of the
    Adirondacks and the northern New England mountains, three-day snow accumulations are expected to top out at only an inch or two for
    most of the impacted locations.

    Pereira

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 19 06:11:39 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 190611
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    211 AM EDT Thu Mar 19 2026

    Valid 12Z Thu Mar 19 2026 - 12Z Sun Mar 22 2026

    ...Upper Great Lakes to the Northeast...
    Days 1-3...

    Thanks to a dome of upper-level ridging firmly entrenched over
    the West and northerly low-level winds over the Mid-South all but
    cutting off Gulf moisture, a quiet pattern with respect to heavy
    snow and icing will continue. The lone cases where light snow
    accumulations are anticipated are across the Upper Great Lakes and
    Northeast as Canadian clipper systems race across the southern
    tier of the country and occasional pass through. A clipper over
    Ontario will direct a warm front through the Northeast with minor
    snowfall totals (generally a coating-2", with local 2-3" in the
    Adirondacks and White Mountains) through Thursday. As that system
    exits over Atlantic Canada, a more organized clipper will be
    tracking towards Lake Superior. Light snow will ensue along the
    warm front over the U.P. of MI, Thursday night and into Friday AM,
    then race over northern NY and northern New England Friday
    afternoon and evening.

    There are some hints in AI guidance (EC-AIFS most notably) that the
    clipper could strengthen by the time it reaches Downeast Maine
    early Saturday morning. This could lead to locally heavier snowfall
    in the Greens, Whites, and northern ME on Saturday. At the moment,
    WPC probabilities shows low chances (10-30%) chances for snowfall
    4" in northern ME with most snowfall generally under 3". But this
    will be closely monitored given the generally good performance of
    the EC-AIFS for much of the cold season.


    The chances for significant icing across the CONUS is less than 10
    percent.


    Mullinax




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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 19 19:03:29 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 191903
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    303 PM EDT Thu Mar 19 2026

    Valid 00Z Fri Mar 20 2026 - 00Z Mon Mar 23 2026

    ...Upper Great Lakes to the Northeast...
    Days 1-3...

    Ridge/trough upper pattern over the CONUS will continue to bring
    northern stream systems through the Great Lakes into the Northeast
    with minor to occasionally modest snowfall. A system over southern
    Canada this evening will push through the Great Lakes tonight and
    into southern/southeastern Ontario tomorrow. WAA-driven snow and
    some light icing is likely over the U.P. of Michigan and into
    northern Lower Michigan. As the clipper moves into the Northeast
    tomorrow afternoon/evening, snow will fall mostly over the higher
    elevations (above 1500ft or so) where WPC probabilities for at
    least 4" are >50%, with lesser accumulations to the valley floors
    (T-2"). Precipitation should end on Saturday morning.

    The next system will slip into northern MN and the western Great
    Lakes Saturday afternoon/evening. With a southwest-to-northeast
    thermal gradient, some icing is possible once again over
    northeastern MN, northern WI, and northern Lower Michigan near the
    surface warm front. That system may track a bit farther south,
    which could bring in at least some light to modest snow to
    northeastern MN into the U.P. of Michigan. There, WPC probabilities
    for at least 4 inches of snow are >40% Saturday into very early
    Sunday. The system will race eastward and bring another swath of
    snow to northern NYS into New England Sunday. Through 00Z/Mon, WPC probabilities for an additional 4 inches of snow are >30% over the
    higher elevations of the northern Adirondacks into the Green/White
    Mountains, but the snow will continue beyond this forecast range.


    The chances for significant icing across the CONUS is less than 10
    percent.

    Fracasso

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 20 07:01:16 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 200701
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    301 AM EDT Fri Mar 20 2026

    Valid 12Z Fri Mar 20 2026 - 12Z Mon Mar 23 2026

    ...Upper Great Lakes to the Northeast...
    Days 1-3...

    The first in a series of clipper systems will produce periods of
    snow across northern New York and northern New England today. Low-
    level WAA ahead of the clipper will support periods of snow, even
    down to the valley floors in northern New England. However,
    snowfall rates and elevation will play critical roles in snowfall accumulations. Most notably, the Adirondacks, Green, and White
    Mountains are most favored for >1"/hr snowfall rates. WPC
    probabilities depict localized moderate probabilities (40-60%) for
    snowfall totals >4" with the peaks of these mountain ranges
    (including Mt. Washington) sporting low chances (10-30%) for
    snowfall accumulations as high as 6". Otherwise, most elevations
    below 1,000ft are likely to see anywhere from a coating to as much
    as 3". The WSSI does depict some Minor Impact potential,
    particularly in the Adirondacks and bordering the St. Lawrence
    River in NY's North Country. Snow will taper off across northern
    New England by Friday night.

    As this clipper exits to the east Saturday morning, the next
    clipper system is already making its way towards the Upper Great
    Lakes. There remains a decent amount of model spread in the
    amplitude and progression of this clipper, largely because it is
    essentially an unorganized cluster of sheared 500mb vort maxima
    tracking over the northern Great Lakes and Northeast. There will be
    sufficient upper-level ascent thanks to the left-exit region of a
    500mb jet streak will accompany the clipper. There is also
    agreement on model guidance on healthy 850-700mb WAA via WSWrly
    flow that collides with sufficiently cold boundary layer
    temperatures over northern NY and the rest of northern New
    England. However, guidance is not yet in agreement on where the
    strongest 850-700mb FGEN takes shape, and as a result, disagree on
    the placement of the QPF axis to the north of the storm track. WPC
    Day 3 cluster analysis shows the departing trough over Nova Scotia
    and the depth of the primary 500mb shortwave trough over the Upper
    Midwest are the most sensitive factors in determining what this
    clipper ultimately produces, and because of the notably shorter
    wavelengths, confidence in where the heaviest snowfall will occur
    is not clear out to Day 3.

    So what we do know-- It is late March and elevation matters a ton.
    However you slice it across deterministic guidance or
    probabilistic guidance, the Adirondacks, Green, Whites, and
    Berkshires are most favored for accumulating snowfall. Even as far
    west as the MI U.P. and MN Arrowhead, snowfall totals approaching
    4" are possible. WPC probabilities show low-to-moderate chances
    (30-50%) for snowfall totals >4" in the Hurons of the MI U.P.
    between Saturday night and through Sunday. Farther east, the
    2,000ft elevations in the Adirondacks, Greens, and Whites sport
    moderate chances (40-60%) for snowfall totals >8" on Sunday. Below
    1,000ft, probabilities for snowfall amounts >4" are low (10-30%)
    with most accumulations less than 4" expected at this time. WPC's
    WSSI-P depicts moderate chances (40-60%) for Minor Impacts in the
    MN Arrowhead to much of northern MI due to a combination of snow
    and ice (WPC probabilities show low-to-moderate chances, or 30-50%,
    for ice accumulations of at least one-hundreth of an inch) late
    Saturday into early Sunday. Minor probabilities are highest in
    northern New England where moderate probabilities (40-60%) are
    present throughout the northern Appalachians. In fact, some
    localized 40-50% probabilities for Moderate Impacts are shown
    across south-central and Downeast Maine.


    The chances for significant icing across the CONUS is less than 10
    percent.


    Mullinax




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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 20 20:18:10 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 202018
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    418 PM EDT Fri Mar 20 2026

    Valid 00Z Sat Mar 21 2026 - 00Z Tue Mar 24 2026

    ...Northeast...
    Days 1-3...

    A clipper will move into the Northeast Saturday night bringing a
    swath of accumulating snowfall to Upstate NY into Northern New
    England. Still some uncertainty with the exact track of this
    system, which will impact where the heaviest swath of QPF is and
    where the rain/snow line sets up. The higher elevations are most
    favored for higher snowfall totals, but strong WAA should support a
    period of moderate to locally heavy precipitation. This should
    allow snow even down to the lower elevations of northern New
    England, especially Saturday night into early Sunday. Snow ratios
    from the NBM are likely too high with this system. While snow
    should be coming down at a decent clip for a stretch, the strongest
    lift appears to be mainly centered below the DGZ, which should cap
    snowfall ratios. Then during the daylight hours the late March sun
    will play a role in lowering ratios further. In fact, where snow
    is falling at a lighter clip we probably won't see much
    accumulation during the daytime, with accumulations focused in
    either the highest terrain or where snow is falling at a heavy
    enough clip to overcome the marginal temperatures and higher sun
    angle.

    The latest WPC snowfall probabilities have increased for the
    Saturday night to Sunday timeframe. The probability of exceeding 4"
    in the 24hr period ending 00z Monday are generally 40-80% from
    Upstate NY into central to northern VT/NH and western ME. The
    highest probabilities are in the higher terrain, but values of
    30-50% even get into the lower elevation areas. The probabilities
    of 6" are 30-60%, with 8" exceedance probabilities as high as
    30-50% in the White Mountains of NH. These probabilities seem
    reasonable, with exact snowfall totals dependent on the specific track
    of the system. This is a scenario where the higher terrain has the
    highest probabilities (and thus confidence) in seeing greater
    snowfall totals, but there is still a lower risk of impactful snow
    getting into some of the lower elevations if a snowfall band is
    able to move into these areas overnight or early morning and is
    heavy enough to overcome the marginal temperatures.

    A bit more uncertainty exists on Monday as a coastal low tries to
    develop offshore New England. By this time it will be cold enough
    over northern New England for snow, but if precipitation intensity
    is light then the high sun angle will likely limit accumulation.
    However, a broader and/or more intense snow shield would be
    capable of producing additional accumulating snowfall. Models have
    been fluctuating regarding this low and inland precipitation
    extent...although most 12z models shifted lighter with QPF. Even
    the AIFS, which has been more consistently on the wetter side of
    the QPF spectrum, did back off at 12z. There is still time for this
    to change, but the probabilities of impactful snowfall Monday
    appear to be decreasing, but still need to continue to monitor.

    The chances for significant icing across the CONUS is less than 10
    percent.


    Chenard


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 21 07:15:24 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 210715
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    315 AM EDT Sat Mar 21 2026

    Valid 12Z Sat Mar 21 2026 - 12Z Tue Mar 24 2026

    ...Northeast...
    Days 1-2...

    A clipper system will move southeast out of central Canada and into
    the Northeast this weekend. Snow on the leading edge of the
    precipitation shield will move into upstate New York this evening,
    then spread across New England tonight. The snow will be
    characterized by warm advection. With a high sun angle and
    plentiful warm air over much of the eastern half of the country,
    the warm air will move into New York and southern New England,
    resulting in a changeover to rain on Sunday over much of upstate
    New York and into southern New England. Meanwhile, over most of
    northern New England, the predominant precipitation type remains as
    snow as the back edge of the precipitation quickly pushes east
    across New England.

    The southwesterly flow of warm air will be uplifted by the terrain
    of the Adirondacks, Green, and White Mountains. Here, the
    combination of upslope and cooler temperatures at higher
    elevations will support multiple inches of snow. The heaviest snow
    will fall between early Sunday morning and Sunday evening. In the
    valleys, warmer temperatures, high sun angle, and snow mostly
    falling during the day should all work to keep snow totals much
    lower than the adjacent mountains, though still reaching into
    advisory criteria. Where snow rates remain lighter, accumulations
    during the day should be greatly tempered, and largely confined to
    grassy areas.

    WPC snowfall probabilities for the storm total snow over 4 inches
    are high (over 70%) from the northern Adirondacks east across the
    northern Greens of Vermont, northern Whites of New Hampshire, and
    much of southern Maine. For much of northern New Hampshire and
    western Maine, those probabilities are above 90% for 4 inches and
    over 70% for 8 inches. As typical with compact storms, the exact
    longevity and intensity of any internal heavy snow bands will
    dictate where the highest snowfall totals are observed.

    By D3/Monday, a secondary coastal low is expected to form south of
    Long Island. The precipitation shield will be narrow and focus
    across southern New England, where temperatures will be warm enough
    for mostly (or entirely) rain. Thus, the chances for impactful
    snow on Monday anywhere in the Northeast continue to decrease.

    The chances for significant icing across the CONUS is less than 10
    percent.


    Wegman



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 21 19:15:22 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 211915
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    315 PM EDT Sat Mar 21 2026

    Valid 00Z Sun Mar 22 2026 - 00Z Wed Mar 25 2026

    ...Northeast...
    Days 1-2...

    A clipper system will track across the Northeast late today through
    Sunday with snow spreading into northern New York this evening and
    northern New England overnight. While warm advection will be a
    principle driver for the developing precipitation, it combined with
    the high angle will support a changeover to rain across much of
    Upstate New York and southern New England on Sunday. In contrast,
    the higher elevations of the Adirondacks and much of northern New
    England are expected to remain cold enough for snow to remain the
    primary precipitation type before the system exits Sunday night.

    Terrain-enchanced lifting along with cooler temperatures will
    support heavier snow totals across portions of the Adirondacks,
    Green, and White mountains -- with several inches likely, as
    indicated by the greater than 50 percent WPC probabilities for
    accumulations over 8 inches.

    While lesser amounts are more likely across the lower elevations,
    guidance indicates that low-to-mid level frontogenesis may help
    contribute to banded heavier snowfall rates (0.5-1 in/hr) that may
    be sufficient enough to support a swath of heavier totals from
    east of the western Maine mountains to Down East Maine on Sunday.
    Higher probabilities for amounts over 4 inches have expanded across
    this area and are now greater than 70 percent across a broader
    area. Additionally, probabilities for totals over 8 inches have
    increased in this area also, with some greater than 50 percent
    probabilities near the Maine coast.

    Pereira

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 22 07:14:28 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 220714
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    314 AM EDT Sun Mar 22 2026

    Valid 12Z Sun Mar 22 2026 - 12Z Wed Mar 25 2026

    ...Northeast...
    Days 1-2...

    Snow has begun falling across the northern Appalachians and
    northern New England this morning as 850-700mb WAA aloft overruns a
    boundary layer sufficiently cold enough to support snow. Snowfall
    rates around 1"/hr are likely over the Green and White Mountains
    this morning, where the combination of heavy rates and elevation
    will support accumulating snowfall. Given the snow is unfolding
    during the day, and boundary layer temperatures are more marginal
    in the valleys, snowfall will be tougher to accumulate but still
    cause some minor accumulations in the Champlain Valley and along
    coastal Maine today. Snowfall will gradually taper off by Sunday
    evening with light snowfall over Downeast Maine still unfolding.
    There will still be cases where light snow ensues over northern New
    England Sunday night and into Monday morning as a strengthening
    500mb trough approaches from the west and low-level easterly flow
    directs some Atlantic moisture into the region. Additional light
    snow accumulations of a coating to 3 inches are possible through
    Monday.

    48-hour WPC probabilities show high chances (>70%) for >4" of
    snowfall throughout southern Maine, the White and Green Mountains,
    and the peaks of the Adirondacks. In the Green and White Mountains,
    elevations above 2,000ft are likely to see snowfall totals range
    between 8-12", with some localized peaks (such as Mount Washington)
    potentially receiving over a foot of snow. The WSSI primarily shows
    Minor Impacts (winter driving conditions; use caution) with locally
    some Moderate Impacts (hazardous travel conditions) possible,
    particularly in passes and complex terrain.


    ...Washington Cascades & Olympics...
    Day 3...

    A Pacific storm system will direct a plume of moisture at the
    Pacific Northwest Monday night and into Tuesday that leads to
    higher elevation snowfall. Snow levels initially starting out
    between 4,000-5,000ft Monday night and early Tuesday will drop to
    as low as 2,500ft in the Olympics and 3,000ft in the northern WA
    Cascades. WPC probabilities show moderate-to-high chances (50-80%)
    for snowfall totals >4" above 3,000ft in the Olympics and above
    4,000ft in the WA Cascades north of I-90. At this moment,
    Snoqualmie and Stevens Passes show low chances (<20%) for
    accumulating snowfall >4", but some minor accumulations late
    Tuesday into Tuesday night are possible.


    The chances for significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.


    Mullinax




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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 22 19:32:09 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 221931
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    331 PM EDT Sun Mar 22 2026

    Valid 00Z Mon Mar 23 2026 - 00Z Thu Mar 26 2026

    ...Northern New England...
    Day 1...

    While the primary precipitation shield associated with a clipper
    system crossing the Northeast is forecast to begin moving offshore
    this evening, a secondary period of accumulating snow is expected
    on Monday. An inverted trough, extending back from the departing
    low, is forecast to develop and linger across eastern New England.
    This feature will likely act to focus a north-south oriented band
    of snow showers that could intensify late Monday as an
    intensifying shortwave and associated cold pool aloft pivot into
    the region from the west.

    Given the added lift and some modest instability, localized heavier
    bursts are possible, especially in northern New Hampshire and
    western Maine where the inverted trough may align with favorable
    upslope flow. WPC probabilities indicate that an additional 2-4
    inches are possible with this band, with the highest probabilities
    (50-70+ percent) focused over the northern New Hampshire and
    western Maine mountains.

    ...Washington Cascades & Olympics...
    Days 2-3...

    A deepening storm lifting from the northeastern Pacific into
    British Columbia will bring widespread moderate to heavy
    precipitation into the region on Tuesday. However, the heaviest
    precipitation rates are expected to coincide with relatively high
    snow levels through Tuesday afternoon. Consequently, the bulk of
    the significant accumulating snow (greater than 8 inches) will
    remain above the major passes and confined to the higher peaks of
    the Olympics and the northern Cascades.

    As the front crosses the region late Tuesday and early Wednesday,
    snow levels will begin to plunge toward 3,000 ft, but this cooling
    will occur as the deepest moisture begins to shift east. However,
    some of passes may see a period of rain changing to snow, impacting
    travel.


    The chances for significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.

    Pereira

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 23 07:26:37 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 230726
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    326 AM EDT Mon Mar 23 2026

    Valid 12Z Mon Mar 23 2026 - 12Z Thu Mar 26 2026

    ...Northern New England...
    Day 1...

    An inverted trough, extending back from the departing storm system
    responsible for rounds of snow yesterday, will linger across
    northern New England today. With sufficient low-level moisture off
    the Atlantic and vertical ascent supplied by an approaching
    shortwave trough to the west, periods of snow will continue over
    the White Mountains. Some light snow is possible below 1,000ft, but
    given the snow is occurring during daytime hours, snow will
    struggle to accumulate on paved surfaces. WPC probabilities depict moderate-to-high chances (50-70%) for additional snowfall
    accumulations >4" in the White Mountains, which included Mount
    Washington. Otherwise, any additional snowfall accumulations below
    2,000ft are likely to range between a coating-3".


    ...Washington Cascades & Olympics...
    Days 1-3...

    A strong and meandering closed upper low in the Gulf of Alaska will
    direct a storm system forming on its southern flank at British
    Columbia the first half of the week. With the Gulf of Alaska low
    slow to move east and low level ridging in place off the southern
    CA coast, low-level SWrly flow will supply a narrow corridor of
    Pacific moisture into the Pacific Northwest Monday night and
    through both Tuesday and into Wednesday. Snow levels will generally
    reside above 3,000ft through Tuesday, but a cold frontal passage
    and falling 700-500mb heights Tuesday night will cause snow levels
    to dip to as low as 2,000ft by Wednesday. Still, the cold air in
    wake of the cold frontal passage is not particularly cold, and the
    best moisture advection will have already concluded by Wednesday.
    This is likely to cause periods of mountain snow on Wednesday in
    the Olympics and Cascades to as low as 2,000ft, but rates will not
    be overly heavy even through Wednesday night.

    WPC probabilities for >4" of snow are moderate-to-high (50-80%) for
    elevations above 4,000ft north of I-90. Stevens Pass sports
    moderate-to-high chances (50-80%) for snowfall totals >4" through
    Wednesday night, while Snoqualmie Pass has moderate chances
    (40-60%). Both passes sport low-to-moderate chances (20-40%) for
    snowfall totals >8", so some locally hazardous travel conditions
    are possible at pass level, but the heavier totals surpassing 8"
    will likely be found at higher elevations for this event.


    The chances for significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.


    Mullinax




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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 23 18:44:33 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 231844
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    244 PM EDT Mon Mar 23 2026

    Valid 00Z Tue Mar 24 2026 - 00Z Fri Mar 27 2026

    ...Northern New England...
    Day 1...

    Latest surface analysis and RAP surface forecast indicate a defined
    inverted trough axis bisecting NH up into neighboring Quebec with
    some weak precipitation beginning to develop over far northern NH.
    Expectation is for ascent to maximize within the trough axis later
    this evening as flow focuses out of the north creating upslope flow
    orthogonal to the terrain of the White Mountains leading to a
    period of snowfall to develop as environmental conditions favor
    frozen hydrometeors. Despite modest PWATs present over Northern New
    England, the primary ascent pattern within the trough axis coupled
    with upslope flow will generate localized moderate snowfall for
    several hours creating a focal point of accumulating snow within
    the White Mountains and some of the neighboring valleys. WPC
    probabilities depict moderate- to- high chances (50-80%) for
    additional snowfall accumulations >4" in the White Mountains, which
    included Mount Washington. Otherwise, any additional snowfall
    accumulations below 2,000ft are likely to range between a
    coating-3".


    ...Washington Cascades & Olympics...
    Days 1-3...

    Little has changed from the previous forecast as the synoptic scale
    pattern remains persistent within all guidance across the Pacific
    Northwest. A strong and meandering closed upper low in the Gulf of
    Alaska will direct a storm system forming on its southern flank at
    British Columbia the first half of the week. With the Gulf of
    Alaska low slow to move east and low level ridging in place off the
    southern CA coast, low- level SWrly flow will supply a narrow
    corridor of Pacific moisture into the Pacific Northwest later
    tonight carrying through both Tuesday and Wednesday. Snow levels
    will generally reside above 3,000ft through Tuesday, but a cold
    frontal passage and falling 700-500mb heights Tuesday night will
    cause snow levels to dip to as low as 2,000ft by Wednesday. Still,
    the cold air in wake of the cold frontal passage is not
    particularly cold, and the best moisture advection will have
    already concluded by Wednesday. This is likely to cause periods of
    mountain snow on Wednesday in the Olympics and Cascades to as low
    as 2,000ft, but rates will not be overly heavy even through
    Wednesday night.

    WPC probabilities for >4" of snow are moderate-to-high (50-80%) for
    elevations above 4,000ft north of I-90. Stevens Pass sports
    moderate-to-high chances (50-90%) for snowfall totals >4" through
    Wednesday night, while Snoqualmie Pass has moderate chances
    (40-60%). Both passes sport low-to-moderate chances (20-50%) for
    snowfall totals >8", so some locally hazardous travel conditions
    are possible at pass level, but the heavier totals surpassing 8"
    will likely be found at higher elevations for this event.


    The chances for significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.


    Mullinax/Kleebauer







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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 24 07:12:05 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 240711
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    311 AM EDT Tue Mar 24 2026

    Valid 12Z Tue Mar 24 2026 - 12Z Fri Mar 27 2026


    ...Washington Cascades & Olympics...
    Days 1-2...

    A strong and meandering closed upper low in the Gulf of Alaska
    will direct a storm system forming on its southern flank at British
    Columbia the first half of the week. With the Gulf of Alaska low
    slow to move east and low level ridging in place off the southern
    CA coast, low- level SWrly flow will supply a narrow corridor of
    Pacific moisture into the Pacific Northwest today and into Wednesday.
    Snow levels will generally reside above 3,000ft today, but a cold
    frontal passage and falling 700-500mb heights Tuesday night will
    cause snow levels to dip to as low as 2,000ft by Wednesday. Still,
    the cold air in wake of the cold frontal passage is not
    particularly cold, and the best moisture advection will have
    already concluded by Wednesday. This is likely to cause periods of
    mountain snow on Wednesday in the Olympics and Cascades to as low
    as 2,000ft, but rates will not be overly heavy even through
    Wednesday night.

    WPC probabilities for >4" of snow are high (>70%) for elevations
    above 4,000ft north of I-90. Stevens Pass sports high chances
    70%) for snowfall totals >4" through Wednesday night, while
    Snoqualmie Pass has moderate chances (50-70%). Stevens Pass poses
    the slightly better odds for snowfall totals >8", ranging between
    30-50%. Some locally hazardous travel conditions are possible at
    pass level, but the heavier totals surpassing 8" will likely be
    found at higher and more remote elevations.


    ...Northern Maine...
    Days 2-3...

    Starting Wednesday night, sheared lobes of 500mb vorticity racing
    over the northern Great Lakes will generate PVA over northern New
    England at the same time that low-level SWrly flow results in low-
    level WAA and increased moisture content. Weak high pressure over
    Quebec and sufficiently cold enough air over Maine will support
    periods of snow over northern Maine with some minor icing possible
    in central ME. As the first disturbance races east, a second 500mb
    shortwave trough will spawn a second low over the northern Mid-
    Atlantic Thursday evening. Periods of snow may envelope northern
    Maine Thursday night as a cold front races south and forces
    boundary layer temperatures to crash below freezing. There remains
    some model spread in solutions regarding this second round of snow
    Thursday night, so confidence in the snowfall placement and amounts
    for the second round of snow is lower. At the moment, 48-hour WPC
    probabilities show low chances (10-30%) for snowfall totals >4"
    along the ME/Quebec border.


    The chances for significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.


    Mullinax





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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 24 18:49:38 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 241849
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    249 PM EDT Tue Mar 24 2026

    Valid 00Z Wed Mar 25 2026 - 00Z Sat Mar 28 2026


    ...Washington Cascades to Northern Rockies...
    Days 1-2...

    A shortwave trough rounding a deep, cold core low over the Gulf of
    Alaska is directing an atmospheric river into the PacNW today with
    high snow levels of 7000 to 8000ft. That trough axis approaches the
    coast tonight before crossing the Cascades Wednesday and the
    northern Rockies Wednesday night. Associated height falls drop the
    snow level to 3500ft on the WA Cascades this evening before further
    decreasing to around 2500ft Wednesday morning under the trough axis
    (which is also when precip rates decrease). Snow probs for >6" are
    40 to 80% above about 4000ft on the WA Cascades with some snow
    getting down to 3500ft/Snoqualmie Pass level. Precip rates drop
    off for the Cascades by Wednesday evening.

    Farther inland, expect snow levels to decrease late tonight over
    northwest MT and linger around 4000ft over northwest MT through
    Wednesday. Day 1.5 snow probs for >6" are around 30% for the
    highest Bitterroots and around 50% for the higher portions of the
    Lewis Range in Glacier NP and the Mission Ridge which often stands
    out for it's precip/snow forecast totals.


    ...Upper Midwest to Northern Maine...
    Days 2-3...

    Lee-side low development tonight in central Montana is expected
    downstream of a trough axis approaching the Pacific Northwest. This
    low tracks over Lake Superior Wednesday with snow generally in
    Canada. However, it crosses Maine early Thursday producing moderate
    snow over northern portions of the state. Day 2 snow probs for >4"
    are limited to far northern NH terrain and only the higher points
    of Maine.

    A second and stronger wave crosses the northern Rockies Wednesday
    night with an fgen band developing ahead over the northern Plains
    early Thursday and shifts over the Northeast Thursday night. Some
    snow mixed precip are likely with this band, though probabilities
    are limited as of this time. The Day 2 ice probs for >0.01" are
    40-70% from northern MN through the U.P. of MI.



    Jackson


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